<p>Spring Valley Rural Historic District is a national historic district located near Fries, Grayson County, Virginia. The district encompasses 184 contributing buildings, 3 contributing sites, and 1 contributing object in the wooded and agricultural northeastern corner of Grayson County. It includes mostly frame or log structures, with a few brick buildings, and several well-preserved examples of early-19th century log dwellings still in use. Notable buildings include the Knob Fork Primitive Baptist Church , William Bourne House “Walnut Hill” , Austin King House , Tomlinson House , O’Donnell Place , Ephraim Boyer House , John Fielder Farmhouse , Ebenezer Methodist Church and Cemetery , Spring Valley Academy , Glenn Cornett House , and Phipps Bourne Farmstead . Located in the district is the separately listed Stephen G. Bourne House.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Galax Commercial Historic District is a national historic district located at Galax, Virginia. The district encompasses 67 contributing buildings in the central business district of Galax. A few of the buildings</p><br>
<p>are one-story storefronts, but a majority of the buildings are two-story commercial buildings with</p><br>
<p>either apartments or offices located on the second floor. The majority of the buildings were built in</p><br>
<p>the 1920s. Notable buildings include the old fire station (c. 1920), Colonial Theater (1930), Waugh Department Store (1904), Rex Theater (1938), and Galax Municipal Building (1908).</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002, with a boundary increase in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Stanardsville Historic District is a national historic district located at Stanardsville, Greene County, Virginia. The district encompasses 146 contributing buildings, 4 contributing sites, 9 contributing structures, and 8 contributing objects in the Town of Stanardsville. It includes the Courthouse Square district and surrounding commercial and residential areas. Notable buildings include the Stanardsville Methodist Church, Grace Episcopal Church , Lafayette Hotel , Gibbons Store , John Sims house , Greene County Chamber of Commerce , Forest Hill Academy , and Stanardsville Motor Company . Located in the district is the separately listed Greene County Courthouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Violet Bank is a historic plantation house and museum in Colonial Heights, Virginia. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The development of the estate began in 1777, when Thomas Shore purchased 144 acres atop “Archers Hill” from the heirs of John Martin. The first house was completed in 1778. Violet Bank originally fit an almost canonized two-over-two centre hall plan typical of late colonial Tidewater Virginia. This house served as General Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette’s Headquarters at the beginning of the 1781 summer campaign in the South, which eventually ended in Cornwallis’ capitulation at the Siege of Yorktown.</p><br>
<p>There were two American Revolutionary War actions fought on the hillside. The first was in March 1781 under von Steuben and his Virginia Militia; the second in April 1781, under Lafayette. Both of these were actions against British Major General William Phillips, who mentioned the property in a dispatch: "We assaulted the enemy’s work across the river and attempted to gain the high ground adjacent to Thomas Shore’s house, but were repulsed with heavy losses." The British casualties were approx. 200.</p><br>
<p>Phillips&#39; objectives were to capture the crucial river crossing on the Appomattox, and gain control over the Turnpike. Not only was Petersburg the only major thoroughfare through Southside Central Virginia that would facilitate troop movement, it was also the primary access road for Chesterfield Courthouse, a primary supply depot and one of three training grounds for the Continental Line in Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Phillips became ill, and subsequently died, buried in an unmarked grave, lest the rebels desecrate his resting place. He is the second highest ranking British officer buried outside Great Britain. Cornwallis then acceded to command. Lacking sufficient strength to overwhelm Lafayette on the Heights, Cornwallis decided to abandon Virginia and campaign farther south.</p><br>
<p>Violet Bank would once again play host to Lafayette in 1824, when he visited the country for the last time as an official guest of the United States. During the interim between General Lafayette&#39;s two visits, Violet Bank’s appearance was completely altered. It was described in the Mutual Assurance of Society of Virginia papers of 1796 as a "two-story clapboard structure w/addition in which there was a cellar floored in stone w/kitchen". Violet Bank originally bore a strong resemblance to the still extant Weston Manor in Hopewell, Virginia. Benjamin Latrobe intended on lodging at Violet Bank, “but he (Thomas Shore) is at present building, and occupies his offices only, which, in Virginia, follows a plantation house as a litter of pigs to their mother.”</p><br>
<p>The house caught fire in 1810, supposedly on a Sunday whilst the family was away at church. Thomas Shore would occupy the house for 22 years until his death in 1800, leaving behind a much younger wife and three daughters, the oldest of whom was four at the time. The “Widder Jane Grey” would remarry in 1804, Henry Haxall of Haxall Mills. They and the three girls were the residents when the house burned, the cellar kitchen being a likely culprit. The chimney stacks and foundation survived the fire, which was somewhat unusual since the lime mortar used during the period did not generally withstand the intense heat that a house fire would generate and would be “cooked out”.</p><br>
<p>From 1810 to 1815 the house was rebuilt; the front foundation was altered, a radically different superstructure was built atop the first Violet Banks foundation, and an entirely new main house was constructed. Enter Benjamin Latrobe again, or at least his designs. Latrobe in all probability made the acquaintance of Jane Grey Shore Haxall when he visited Petersburg in 1796 and went to the horse races with Thomas Shore on April 21 of that year according to his Journal. He dined with Thomas’ brother Dr. John Shore on the 22nd. Latrobe’s notation for the 23rd stated that he had gotten into Shore&#39;s house and was “much more comfortable than in the buzz of betting at the track.” Whether he meant Dr. Johns residence or Thomas’ is unclear.</p><br>
<p>The consensus of most architectural historians is that Violet Bank was designed by a pupil of Latrobe’s, although there is nothing that suggests that Robert Mills might have had a hand in its planning. The possibility also exists that Violet Bank is, like Point of Honor in Lynchburg, the product of a country builder who was familiar with Latrobe’s work in Richmond, and used that as a base from which to start, through the house could be right out of a Latrobe sketchbook with its combination of octagonal bays, recessed portico and Adam-style ceiling moulding.</p><br>
<p>There are quite a number of shared characteristics between Violet Bank and a known Latrobe house, that of Michael Hancock built Ca. 1808-09. Henry Haxall would, at least, have been familiar with this fashionable house on the corner of 5th & Main in Richmond, as well as the architectural trend in Richmond which this house embodied. Jane Grey, having met the man, was likely to have passing knowledge of Latrobe’s architectural ideas. A quick perusal of the inventory for Henry Haxalls’ will probate clearly indicates a man of taste concerned with fashion. Mr. & Mrs. Haxall were certainly wealthy enough to have hired Latrobe, and if they did not consult with him on rebuilding project, they must probably asked him to suggest an architect, he would have named one of his own pupils.</p><br>
<p>Whoever the architect was, his reuse of the existing foundation and chimney stacks make the architectural solution more idiosyncratic. Normally an architect starts with a blank page, however, in this case, the architect was forced to deal with fixed points and proportions. The second floor fireboxes were bricked up, the second floor was eliminated, which enabled the ceilings to be raised. All masonry was stuccoed & scored to resemble ashlar and to hide the difference in brickwork that the modifications necessitated.</p><br>
<p>The tripartite foundation plan lent itself naturally to a very strict Vitruvian construct. The peculiar ring to be founded on third the distance up each Portico column, unique to Virginia architecture, form the keynote that coalesces the structure into a harmonious whole & unlocks the architectural formula.</p><br>
<p>Henry Haxall died in 1834, the same year as his eldest step-daughter married Dr. John Gilliam. Thomas Shores middle daughter Marie Louisa married Dr. William Shippen II of Philadelphia. The youngest, Jane Grey, died at the age of 15 without issue. The estate passed to the Gilliams’ upon the death of Jane Haxall, eleven years after her husband, in 1834. Violet Bank would remain in the Gilliam Familys hands until 1873. At the time of its occupation by the Headquarters of the Army of Northern Virginia, the title to Violet Bank was held in deed of trust by Thomas Gilliam, Thomas Shore&#39;s grandson.</p><br>
<p>Part of the Main house also served as a hospital during the siege. The war largely impoverished the Gilliam family, and the house was sold in 1873 to a cousin, Mrs. Evelyn Gasquet Marshall of New York. She would occupy the house until her death in 1885, when the property was acquired by Capt. Abel N. Haskins. His heirs, in turn, sold houses and remaining 68 acres to the Greater Petersburg Realty Corporation in 1905. Operating Violet Bank as a dairy farm, the new owners knocked out walls on the first floor of the main house in order to utilize the structure as a cattle barn. Greater Petersburg Reality Corp. CEO Bellamy decided in the late 1914 to subdivide the farm and develop it for housing, and work began in 1915. The first thing Bellamy did in breaking up the property was tear down the main house, leaving the extant portion remaining.</p><br>
<p>The much reduced Violet Bank would be one of the first houses sold in River view sub-division. It was purchased in 1919 by Mrs. Alice Pierrepont who resided there until 1948, at which time she sold it to American Legion Post 284. The City of Colonial Heights acquired the house in 1959, first for the Chamber of Commerce, then as Colonial Heights first public library. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. Now a part of the Recreation & Parks department, Violet Bank began its current incarnation as an active Historic House Museum in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Violet Bank Museum is a superb document of Federal design and American Interior Decorative Arts. It is on the National Register of Historic Places and a Virginia Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>Gibson Memorial Chapel and Martha Bagby Battle House at Blue Ridge School is a historic Episcopal chapel and home located on the grounds of Blue Ridge School near Dyke, Greene County, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The Gibson Memorial Chapel was designed by noted Boston architect Ralph Adams Cram and built between 1929 and 1932. It is a six-bay, gable-roofed chapel is built on a modified cruciform plan. The chapel is built entirely of uncut and uncoursed native fieldstone and is executed in the Gothic Revival style. It is named after Robert Atkinson Gibson (1846-1919), the sixth Episcopal Bishop of Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The Martha Bagby Battle House, also known as the Headmaster&#39;s House, was completed in 1934. It consists of a two-story, four-bay, hipped-roof center section extended by protruding one- and two-story bays on all sides. The house is constructed of uncut and uncoursed native fieldstone and is in the English Gothic style.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Sadie Thompson Inn is a historic building in Malaloa, one of the constituent villages of Pago Pago in American Samoa. The building is noted as the guest house where author W. Somerset Maugham resided for six weeks in 1916–17 during an extended trip through the South Sea Islands. He described it as a "dilapidated lodging house with a corrugated tin roof" and complained that he contracted "a stubborn rash, no doubt fungus" while at the hotel, and of the "weeks" it took to cure it.</p><br>
<p>The building was subsequently the setting of his short story "Rain", published in 1921, which depicted a psychological battle of wits between a wayward, on-the-run prostitute, Sadie Thompson, and a conservative, self-righteous missionary. Although conclusive evidence is lacking, Maugham, apparently, was indeed in residence at the lodging house with a real person named Sadie Thompson, who reportedly had been driven from a red light district in Honolulu.</p><br>
<p>Considered one of Maugham&#39;s more noteworthy works, the story was later adapted to the stage and brought to the screen three times. The first film was the 1928 silent Sadie Thompson, starring Gloria Swanson as the titular character and Lionel Barrymore as Alfred Davidson, the missionary. Just four years later, in 1932, it was filmed again as Rain, with Joan Crawford as Sadie and Walter Huston, the missionary. And in 1953, Miss Sadie Thompson was released in Technicolor, featuring Rita Hayworth and José Ferrer.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 as the Sadie Thompson Building.</p><br>
<p>It is historically significant for its association with Somerset Maugham during the waning years of the British Empire in the South Sea Islands. Maugham stayed at the lodging house from December 16, 1916 to January 30, 1917.</p><br>
<p>Carlbrook is a historic home and estate located at Halifax, Halifax County, Virginia. It was designed by Richmond architect Luther P. Hartsook and built in 1928-1930. The Carlsbrook house is a 2 1/2-story stone dwelling consisting of a hipped roof, five bay, central block and flanking one bay stone wings. The front facade features a recessed entrance with paired Corinthian order columns and a sandstone arch in the Classical Revival style. Also on the property are the contributing elaborate stone garage, a lake with a stone spillway, stone bridges and garden features, and several smaller outbuildings.</p><br>
<p>The estate was the site of the therapeutic boarding Carlbrook School from 2002 to 2015.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Black Walnut is a historic plantation house and farm located near Clover, Halifax County, Virginia. The main house was built in at least three sections beginning about 1774 to 1790. In the 1840s and 1850s, a substantial two-story frame addition was built in two stages parallel to the existing house, along with a connecting hyphen, together giving the house an overall "H"-shape. The interior features Greek Revival style details.</p><br>
<p>Also on the property are the contributing brick kitchen, a dairy, a wash-house, two smokehouses, two sheds, a cool-storage building, a privy, a stable, a barn, a slave cabin, a corncrib, two machine sheds, a toolshed, a garage, a late 18th-century schoolhouse, and the family cemetery.</p><br>
<p>At its peak, Black Walnut Plantation was one of the largest and most successful plantations in Halifax County. The only Civil War battle fought in Halifax County, the Battle of Staunton River Bridge, took place on Black Walnut Plantation in the summer 1864. Confederate troops maintained encampment there during the war alongside up to 800 Confederate slave labors – and Union forces after.</p><br>
<p>During the 1939, legendary Academy Award Winner Mary Pickford visited Black Walnut as Queen of the festival.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The Staunton River Battlefield Project is a collaboration between the Dr. James W. Jordan Archaeology Field School and the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation – Division of State Parks. This research is being undertaken at Staunton River Battlefield State Park. Originally the focus was on the Civil War battle that took place on this site in 1864. Following the work on the Civil War site, the focus shifted to the prehistoric past when the 1, 000 year-old Late Woodland period Wade Site was discovered.</p><br>
<p>To date, more than 100,000 artifacts have been recovered from this site and radiocarbon dating has demonstrated that the site was occupied from approximately 950 to 1425. Paleo-environmental data has indicated that the site was occupied year-round, rather than seasonally and it is currently estimated that between around 200 people lived at the Wade Site. This research has focused on a variety of questions including subsistence strategy and horticultural development, social organization, mortuary practices and environment reconstruction.</p><br>
<p>Some of the more intriguing evidence at the site relates to the variability in the burial practices that may indicate social stratification and a shift from Big Man to Chiefdom social organization. Also of interest is whether the site was actually an island in the Staunton River and whether it may have been one at the time the site was occupied. Future fieldwork will continue to seek answers to these and other questions.</p><br>
<h2>Initial survey and settlement, 1700s</h2><br>
<p>In 1741, Richard Randolph of Henrico County was granted a land patent of 10,300 acres situated along both shores of the Staunton River, Licking Hole Creek, and Black Walnut Creek, in what was then Lunenburg County. With the creation of Halifax County in 1752, 3,100 acres of Randolphs original land patent was cut off and annexed to the newly established county. In 1748, Richard devised this parcel to his son, John Randolph. Randolph never resided on this property since the familys primary residence was Henrico County where they owned several plantations along the James River. During this early period, however, the property was referred to as the "Black Walnut Plantation" indicating some type of improvement on the site.</p><br>
<h3>Acquisition by William Sims, 1768</h3><br>
<p>Twenty years later, in June 1768, John Randolph sold the entire 3,100-acre parcel to William Sims of Cornwall Parish, Charlotte County. The deed from John Randolph to William Sims described the tract as being part of a larger tract known as "Black Walnut Plantation" and a small plantation opposite to the mouth of the Little Roanoke River. William Sims and his brothers, David and Matthew, moved to Halifax County from Charlotte around 1770. During William Sims brief tenure, tobacco was cultivated as the main crop, along with other crops and livestock. After five years of ownership, William Sims sold his 3,100-acre property to Matthew Sims for five shillings. Matthew Sims settled on part of the property and, in February 1774, surveyed off 1,750 acres and sold it to his brother, David Sims.</p><br>
<h2>Early settlement and land-use, 1770s–1800s</h2><br>
<p>Matthew Sims, 1773–1790. The lands retained by Matthew Sims were established as his homestead, where he built his manor house. The main house, which dates to c. 1770s, probably stood as a 1-story or -story single-pile, four-room house with interior end chimneys. The earliest documented outbuilding associated with the Black Walnut plantation was constructed southeast of the main house and consisted of a -story, wood-frame building (Figure 9). This building terminates in a steeply pitched roof that is sheathed in standing-seam metal. The late-eighteenth-century structure was used as a schoolhouse; the building is still extent on the Black Walnut property.</p><br>
<p>Matthew took an active role in the Episcopal church, as did many of Halifax County&#39;s leading citizens. The boundaries of Halifax County and the Episcopal parish, Antrim, coincided. In 1783 Matthew and several other leading citizens were designated to collect tithes in the western section of the county.</p><br>
<p>Matthew married Amey (Oney) May of Charlotte County in 1774. Matthew died in 1790 and left behind his wife and nine children. An inventory dated November 1790 shows his estate as including 40 slaves, personal belongings, crops, and livestock. Agricultural crops listed in this inventory included "200 barrels corn, crop of tobo. 1790 supposed 15000" pounds. Livestock included 45 cattle and horses, and 13 hogs. Amey May Sims acquired title to a 325-acre tract of land, including "the mansion house". According to Matthew Sims&#39; inventory, the remaining twenty slaves were divided among his children. His son, Matthew, received "1 Negro man slave, Taylor, 1 Negro woman slave, Page, 2 Negro girls, Julia and Hannah". His daughter, Lettie Sims, was bequeathed "1 Negro man slave, Daniel, 1 boy slave, Lott, 1 girl slave, Dorcas". Charles Sims was left "l Negro man slave, Easop, 1 Negro slave girl, Tamer". Nancey Sims was bequeathed "1 Negro man slave, Davie, 1 Negro girl slave, Jeanney". Martricia received "1 Negro man Slave, Toney, 1 Negro woman Slave, Elie, and child, Visay". Oney was bequeathed "1 Negro boy Slave, Harry; 1 Negro girl Slave, Little Nanney; 1 Negro boy Slave, Ceasar". Elizabeth Sims received three slaves, including "l Negro man Slave, Antony, 1 Negro boy Slave, Emanuel, 1 Negro girl Slave, Unity"</p><br>
<p>David Sims, 1774-1783. David Sims settled on the 1,750-acre portion of the original Randolph land grant that he purchased from Matthew in 1774. David operated the plantation for a decade, from 1774 until his death in 1783. In January 1774, he married Lettice May from Charlotte County. David established himself as a prominent planter, and served as vestryman for Antrim Parish beginning in 1782. When David died in 1783, he left behind his widow and four children, Betsy, Priscilla, Patty, and John. His inventory at the time of his death was quite substantial, and included 30 slaves, 70 cows, three oxen, 57 sheep, 59 hogs, 11 horses, household furniture, and farming equipment. Most of his real estate was bequeathed to his son, John, and held in trust until 1803, when he became old enough to operate the plantation. During this period, the plantation continued to produce tobacco, in addition to corn, beef and pork. A 1797 inventory listed 27 slaves, 39 head of cattle, 90 hogs, 45 young pigs, 35 geese, and several horses.</p><br>
<h2>Land-use and development, 1800s-1890s</h2><br>
<p>John Sims, 1803-1852. John Sims, David Sims son, was largely responsible for Black Walnut&#39;s success as one of the most prosperous farms in Halifax County. John Sims received his inheritance in 1803, which included the 1,500-acre tract of land and 29 slaves. John Sims acquired additional landholdings in the county throughout the 1800s, becoming one of the largest landowners in the area. Only three other landowners, William Logan, Richard Logan, and John Coleman, held more land by 1850. John Sims operated the Black Walnut plantation for the next five decades, until his death in 1852.</p><br>
<p>John Sims received his formal education at Hampden-Sydney. In 1809, he had acquired the 325-acre tract and mansion from his uncle Matthew&#39;s heirs. The following year, John Sims married Maria Wilson Clark. During their marriage, they resided at the Black Walnut plantation house. John and Maria Sims had four children: Mary Elizabeth, Phebe Ann, Mary Wilson, and William Howson. In 1815, their residence was valued at $2,000.00.</p><br>
<p>Interior appointments included 8 calico window curtains; 1 carpet; 12 chairs with gold leaf; 1 piano; 1 sideboard; 1 mahogany bureau; 1 bureau; 1 chest of drawers; 1 clock; and 2 silver salvers. Maria Sims died in July 1822, and John Sims devoted the rest of his life to rearing his four children and managing the large estate.</p><br>
<p>The Black Walnut Plantation reached its heyday by the mid-nineteenth century under the careful management of John Sims. The plantation in 1850 was described as consisting of 1,000 acres of improved land and 1,200 acres of unimproved land. His prosperity also was illustrated by the significant increase in slaveholdings. Between 1820 and 1840, John Sims increased his slaveholdings from 77 slaves to 137 slaves. By 1850, his labor force included 150 slaves.</p><br>
<p>Tobacco was cultivated as the main cash crop, however, the plantation was diversified and raised such commercial commodities as grain, livestock, and dairy product. A second farm in the county operated by John Sims encompassed 337 acres and raised a variety of crops, including corn, oats, tobacco, cotton, and butter.</p><br>
<p>The Black Walnut plantation complex grew to encompass a variety of domestic and agricultural outbuildings; the main house served as the focal point. Domestic outbuildings, including a smokehouse, dairy, kitchen, and icehouse, were placed in a U-shaped cluster to the rear, or west, of the main house. Slave quarters and agricultural outbuildings were more isolated from the main living area. A formal boxwood garden was laid out south of the main house, and a terraced vegetable garden was situated to the northwest. A variety of native and ornamental trees and shrubs landscaped the grounds, and the entire complex was enclosed by woodland. A family cemetery was situated northwest of the house.</p><br>
<p>John Sims prosperity was illustrated by the substantial modifications made to the manor house during the first quarter of the nineteenth century, at which time the central section of the house was raised to a full two-story height. The house was altered again with the construction of a substantial two-story frame addition connected by a central hyphen, resulting in its present H-shaped configuration. The 1848 tax assessment for this property shows an increase in valuation due to "improvements". The plan of the house consisted of two center-hall, single-pile units joined by a center hyphen. The exterior walls were sheathed in beaded wood siding. The buildings massing terminated in a gable roof sheathed in metal standing-seam panels. Wooden block modillions ornamented the front and rear eaves and partially returned cornices. Central brick exterior-end chimneys were located on each gable-end. Small attic vents punctuated the gable ends. The three-bay main facade was characterized by its symmetrical composition. A one-story hipped roof portico was centered on the facade and delineated the front entrance. Nine-over-nine-light, double-hung, wooden sash windows were aligned across this facade. The window openings were framed by louvered wood blinds. One-room units flanked the rear two-story section, and a one-story porch extended across the rear elevation.</p><br>
<p>Only a few of the plantation&#39;s outbuildings are extant from this period of development, and include a wash house/cool storage, a smokehouse, a slave cabin, a corn house, and a two-room brick kitchen also was situated directly behind the main house. All of these buildings were constructed of wood-frame and terminated in steeply-pitched gable roofs.</p><br>
<p>Two tobacco barns and another slave quarter also still survive, and are situated southeast of the main house. These outbuildings were isolated from the main domestic complex and were characterized by their log construction. All of these buildings exist in a ruinous state.</p><br>
<p>William Howson Sims, 1852-1890. At the time of John Sims death in 1852, the estate had increased substantially in value and grown to encompass roughly 2,500 acres. Other real estate included 245 sheep, 12 oxen, 300 hogs, and 100 head of cattle. John Sims bequeathed the majority of his real estate, including the mansion house, to his son, William Howson Sims. Smaller landholdings were distributed between Maria Garrett, his only surviving daughter, and his grandchildren. Maria Garrett received 47 slaves and small properties, while his granddaughter, Elizabeth Coleman, daughter of Mary Elizabeth, received 46 slaves.</p><br>
<p>William Howson Sims managed the substantial Black Walnut plantation between 1852 until his death in 1890. William Howson was educated at Hampden-Sydney, and passed the bar. "However, innovative farming techniques were more attractive to him than the practice of law, and his time was devoted to the running of his plantation". During his tenure, he acquired title to the additional portions of the Black Walnut tract, as well as purchasing other landholdings in Halifax County. William Howson also assisted his aunt, Phoebe Howson Clark Bailey, with the operation of her plantation, "Oak Hill". According to correspondence on file in the Bailey Family Papers, Phoebe Bailey&#39;s nephew, W.H. Sims, would mount his horse and spent the night at her plantation to assist her with affairs.</p><br>
<p>In 1844, prior to inheriting the Black Walnut property, William Howson brought his wife, Sallie J. Wilson, and their four children, Eliza Broadnax, Maria Clark, John, and William Bailey, to reside at the manor house. During the 1860s, both of his daughters were sent to Richmond to attend private school. John Sims attended Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in 1867, while William Bailey was educated at "Creek Side". William S. later graduated from Episcopal High School in Alexandria, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>In 1857, roughly 22 acres were sold to the Richmond and Danville Railroad Company. By this period, William Howson Sims owned 16 tracts of land in Halifax County, employed four overseers, and owned 116 slaves to manage his extensive landholdings. The 1860 Census identifies William Howson Sims as a "planter" owning $57,000.00 worth of real estate and $238,270.00 worth of personal property.</p><br>
<h2>The Civil War</h2><br>
<p>With the commencement of the Civil War, William H. Sims did not join the Confederate army and, instead, continued to operate his plantation. It is likely that William Howson concurred with general opinion that the war would be short and successful, because as the war progressed, Sims efforts for the Confederate cause increased. In March 1862, Sims was conscripted and was slated to serve as a private in Captain Moores Company of the 84th Virginia Infantry. William H. appealed his case to the Halifax County Conscription Exemption Board, and was allowed to hire a substitute. Sims was required to pay $30.00 to provide his substitute with a uniform. Sims wrote his uncle about the news. In the same letter, he also noted that Governor Letcher had mobilized the Richmond militia to fight. At that time Union troops were landing at Fort Monroe in Hampton Roads to begin a march upon Richmond. Sims was conscripted again the following year, and was exempted. Joseph H. Lambeth served as his substitute.</p><br>
<p>After the Confederate government ceased the practice of substitution, William Sims applied for an exemption. While approval of his exemption was pending, he prepared to join the army as part of the Black Walnut Cavalry Company. Sims did not join the cavalry company but, instead, remained at Black Walnut.</p><br>
<p>In June 1864, the Battle of Staunton River Bridge took place. The Union objective was the destruction of the R&D railroad bridge over the Staunton River. Confederate forces prepared defenses on the Sims side of the river, and on the eastern bank. Following the battle, a permanent Confederate garrison was established on Sims property that was manned by both troops and 800 slave laborers.</p><br>
<p>William Sims was conscripted again in August 1864, at which time he was officially assigned to the Danville Division of the Confederate Subsistence Department, under the command of Col. A. H. McCleish. His duty was to collect foodstuffs in the Halifax region and forward them to the army.</p><br>
<p>According to the 1860 Agricultural Census, William Howson Sims had 1,800 acres under cultivation and 2,000 unimproved acres. During the Civil War, William Howson responded to the state&#39;s dire food shortages by practicing agricultural diversification, harvesting crops such as tobacco, wheat, Indian corn, oats, peas and beans, potatoes, grass seed, and hops. Horses, cows, oxen, sheep, and pigs also were raised on the plantation. Other products included 260 pounds of wool, 300 pounds of butter, and three pounds of beeswax</p><br>
<p>Throughout 1863, Sims continued to transport agricultural goods to the Clover Depot of the Richmond and Danville (R&D) railroad. By the following year, William Howson was forced to discontinue shipping agricultural goods from the Clover Depot due to a lack of available railroad cars for storage or transport. William Howson also lost several of his male slaves after they were requisitioned by the Confederate army. In October, Sims&#39; overseers also were conscripted.</p><br>
<p>To exacerbate the situation, the region experienced a drought during the summer of 1864. Sims&#39; efforts to purchase wheat for the army met with little success. In October, Sims collected 14 bushels and 25 pounds of wheat for the Quartermaster Department. In November, 1864 Sims provided the Army Quartermaster with 1,948 pounds of baled oats; 2,093 pounds of fodder; and 1,242 pounds of corn. On March 9, 1865 he provided 11,284 pounds of straw.</p><br>
<p>Sims also sold beef to the Confederate troops and slave laborers stationed at the garrison. Sims signed a pardon on August 2, 1865. Union troops continued to occupy the Black Walnut Plantation following the conclusion of the war, however, this did not halt commercial activity. On April 17, 1865, Sims sold 1,500 pounds of oats, one barrel of flour, and three and one-half barrels of corn.</p><br>
<h2>Reconstruction - 2014</h2><br>
<p>Following the Civil War, William reduced his landholdings. By 1870, the amount of acreage under cultivation dropped to 225 acres, with 1,000 unimproved acres. William H. most likely rented land to tenant farmers; in addition, many of the former slaves continued to live on the plantation, serving either as tenant farmers or paid laborers. Tobacco continued as the primary cash crop during this period. Although tobacco production was less than half of the amount produced during the previous decade, William Howson remained one of the top five tobacco producers in the Roanoke District. Other agricultural crops included wheat, corn, and oats. A variety of livestock were raised during this period, including horses, mules, oxen, cattle, sheep, and pigs.</p><br>
<p>By 1880, William H. had 245 acres of tilled land, 150 acres of meadow and pasture, and 1,000 acres of wooded land. By 1880, his livestock was reduced slightly to include seven horses, four mules, seven oxen, 40 sheep, and 35 pigs. Agricultural products were diverse and included eggs, butter, honey, and fruit.</p><br>
<p>For the next 98 years, the heirs of William H. continued to operate various sections of the plantation. In 1978, Dr. William Randolph Watkins, grandson of Maria Sims Garrett, took over ownership of the property. Upon his death in 1997, his son, Tucker Carrington Watkins, IV occupied the plantation and made various improvements.</p><br>
<p>Midgaard, also known as the Lautner Cottage, is a chalet style log cabin located on Middle Island Point, near Marquette, Michigan. It is significant as the first building that then-12-year-old John Lautner  helped construct. Midgaard was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John E. Lautner Sr. was born in 1865 in Greilickville, Michigan, to parents who had recently immigrated from Austria. Lautner attended the University of Michigan, graduating in 1893 and continuing studies in Europe. In 1903, he accepted a position as a professor of languages and sociology at Northern State Normal School (now Northern Michigan University) in Marquette. In 1907, Lautner married Vida Cathleen Gallagher, the daughter of Irish immigrants and one of his students at Northern. The couple had two children: John Lautner Jr (later an influential architect), born in 1911, and Kathleen Lautner, born in 1915.</p><br>
<p>In 1912, John and Vida Lautner built a wood framed New England saltbox-style house in Marquette, based on a design jointly developed by Vida Launter and New Jersey architect Joy Wheeler Dow. They dubbed the house "Keepsake." In the early 1920s, the Lautners began to be interested in building a summer cottage on Middle Island Point, and in 1921 they bought four shares in the Middle Island Point Campers&#39; Association. Over the next two years, the Lautners planned the construction and decor of the cottage, being heavily influenced by Norwegian folk architecture guides.</p><br>
<p>The Lautners chose a prominent cliff overlooking Lake Superior on which to position their cabin. They began construction in 1923, using spruce logs cut nearby and skidded up the incline. The construction was done primarily by John Lautner and his son, John Lautner, Jr., with occasional help from some of Lautners students. John Jr.s early experience with construction and design of the Midgaard cabin heavily influenced his understanding of craftmanship and later architectural work. Construction stretched over several years, and was completed in 1927.</p><br>
<p>The following year, Vida Lautner wrote articles about Midgaard, which were featured in Progressive Education and Home Building, the chalet was also featured in Marquettes local newspaper. The Lautners continued to own the cottage for many years. John Lautner Sr. died in 1943, after which Vida Lautner moved to Chicago. However, both Vida and John Lautner Jr. visited multiple times, up to her death in 1978 and his in 1994. John Lautner Jr. replaced the roof in 1932, and constructed a terrace on the north side (facing the lake) in 1939. Two balconies originally on the north and south sides were demolished in the 1980s due to structural deterioration and were never replaced. It was John Lautner Sr.s wish that the cabin remain in the family "ad infinitum", and it is still owned by his descendants.</p><br>
<h2>John Lautner Jr.</h2><br>
<p>John Lautner Jr. went on to become an influential architect, and frequently noted that his interest in construction and architecture began with his involvement in the construction of Midgaard. He studied in Frank Lloyd Wrights apprenticeship program at Taliesin from 1933–38, then struck out on his own in southern California. However, his career didnt blossom until after World War II. His work mainly focused on residential architecture, creating distinctly personal designs that took into consideration materials, the site location, and the preferences of his client. The residences the surrounding environment into the look and feel of the structure.</p><br>
<p>Many of Lautner&#39;s residences were constructed on the steep hillsides surrounding Los Angeles. Perhaps the best known is "Chemosphere," an octagonal house which the Encyclopædia Britannica once called "the most modern home built in the world." Lautner received the Architectural Record Award for Excellence in 1971 and 1977 and a Cody Award in 1980; he was named Olympic Architect in 1984, and in 1993 received a Gold Medal from the AIA chapter of Los Angeles, CA.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Midgaard is a front-gabled, two-story log cabin with a low pitched roof, situated on a rocky promontory above Lake Superior. The cabin is reached from the main road by a winding, unpaved footpath. A terrace is built against the house on the main (north) facade facing the lake.</p><br>
<p>The cabin is constructed from spruce logs interspersed with chinking sitting on a rubble fieldstone and granite rock foundation. The roof is covered with asphalt shingling, with eaves overhanging the cabin walls below. All windows are triple casement, with the center window hinged.</p><br>
<p>The north and south facades are nearly identical, with a central door on the first floor flanked by windows, and a similar arrangement on the second floor. The second floor overhangs by the width of one log, and there is currently no balcony for the second-story door to access. On the east and west sides, the second floor overhangs by about two feet There are two windows on the west facade, one above each other on the north end. The east facade is similar, with an additional third window on the first floor toward the south.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the cabin is sectioned into two main rooms, with a larger living room/dining area to the north and a smaller kitchen and bathroom to the south. The central section of the cabin is open from the floor to the roof. A corner staircase accesses the second-story balcony, which runs around the perimeter of the cabin. A brick fireplace, designed by John Lautner Sr., is in one corner.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the cabin contains furnishings designed in a Scandinavian peasant style, with colorfully painted chests and antiques. Textiles included curtains block printed by Vida Lautner to simulate Swedish weavings, striped rag rugs, and decorative embroideries on the walls.</p><br>
<p>The Van Buren Historic District encompasses eight blocks of historic buildings along Main Street in Van Buren, Arkansas. Many of the structures are pre-1920 Victorian and Italianate buildings closely related to the history of commerce in the city. Positioned between the city&#39;s train depot and the Arkansas River, the businesses constituting the Van Buren Historic District have played a vital role in the history and economy of the city and region. The district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places as a National Historic District on April 30, 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Properties in the district</h2><br>
<h3>Crawford County Courthouse</h3><br>
<p>The Crawford County Courthouse, originally built in 1842, is the oldest operating courthouse west of the Mississippi River. Following a fire in 1876, the courthouse was rebuilt using the original walls that survived the blaze. Doric columns, a three-story clock tower with bell, cast roof rises and a classic portico constitute the building&#39;s facade. Wings flank the building to the southeast and northwest. A fountain featuring Hebe and 1832 log schoolhouse used by Albert Pike are located on the courthouse grounds, as well as the Confederate soldier monument in front of the structure.</p><br>
<h3>Confederate monument</h3><br>
<p>The Van Buren Confederate Monument is located in front of the Crawford County Courthouse in Van Buren, Arkansas. Built in 1899 by the Mary Lee Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, the structure was initially erected in Fairview Cemetery. Honoring Confederate dead from the Battle of Pea Ridge, Battle of Prairie Grove, and the Battle of Wilson&#39;s Creek, the Sons of the Confederacy requested the memorial be relocated to the courthouse lawn in 1906, and it has remained there ever since. The monument was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 as part of the Civil War Commemorative Sculpture Multiple Property Submission.</p><br>
<h3>Hebe fountain</h3><br>
<p>Originally placed in 1908 by the Womens Village Improvement Society, a gold-painted iron statue of Hebe, the Greek goddess of youth and happiness, has remained on the Crawford County Courthouse lawn ever since. The Womens league of Van Buren raised funds, and the original Hebe was replaced after falling to disrepair. In 2003, a bronze-casted statue was unveiled and the original was placed in the Crawford County Museum. The original steel cap around the fountain was restored and returned to service.</p><br>
<h3>Albert Pike School</h3><br>
<p>One of the oldest buildings in Arkansas, the log schoolhouse on the southwest portion of the courthouse grounds was built circa 1820. It was used by Albert Pike, a schoolteacher from the northeast who moved to western Arkansas in 1833. Pike did not teach at the school long before moving to Little Rock, where he became involved in politics, law, and the Arkansas Gazette. Pike would go on to become a noted poet and writer in addition to serving as a general for the Confederate States of America, most notably serving at the Battle of Pea Ridge. He also served the Freemasons as Sovereign Grand Commander of the Scottish Rite&#39;s Southern Jurisdiction and established lodges throughout the South following the war. Pike later refused an honorary degree from Harvard University, a school he had been accepted to but elected to become a teacher rather than attend.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>The second St Mary&#39;s Roman Catholic Church is a heritage-listed sandstone Catholic church at 163 Palmerin Street in Warwick in the Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Dornbusch & Connolly and built from 1920 to 1926. It is also known as St Mary of the Assumption Church. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St Mary&#39;s Church, Warwick was constructed between 1920 and 1926, as the second Roman Catholic church of that name in Warwick, to designs of local architects Dornbusch and Connolly.</p><br>
<p>From the 1840s, it seems that informal Roman Catholic services were held in Warwick by visiting priests from Sydney, Ipswich and Brisbane. The first recorded mass was held in 1854 by Rev. Father McGinty who travelled from Ipswich, and this was celebrated at the Horse and Jockey Inn, Palmerin Street, where services for most other denominations were held at this time.</p><br>
<p>In 1862 Warwick became a separate parish of the church, only one year after the Borough of Warwick was declared a municipality on 25 May 1861. The first priest was Dr John Cani who was soon pursuing the need for a church building. A site was chosen in Palmerin Street and the land was acquired on the south of block bordered by Palmerin, Wood, Percy and Acacia Streets in central Warwick.</p><br>
<p>Plans were duly drawn by prominent Brisbane architect, Benjamin Backhouse, to the specifications that it was to be simple but tasteful, in the Gothic style and in stone or brick. Despite the setback of severe damage during a thunder storm the first St Mary&#39;s church was officially opened on August 23, 1865 by Bishop Quinn, the first Bishop of Queensland. The contractor was CA Doran and the structure cost £1500. The stone for the construction of the church was obtained from the Sidling Quarries, which were a small group of quarries in Warwick.</p><br>
<p>Dr Cani left the parish and was succeeded by a number of priests in quick succession until Father James Horan was appointed in 1876, and remained the parish priest of Warwick until his death in 1905. Horan was responsible for completing the original church with the addition of transepts and the chancel by 1894.</p><br>
<p>Monsignor Michael Potter was posted as a curate to Warwick in 1891, and continued there as the parish priest after Horans death in 1905. It was Potter who decided in the 1910s that the original St Marys Church was no longer adequate for the needs of his community, and a larger more grand church was required.</p><br>
<p>Local architects, Dornbusch and Connolly were commissioned to design the new church, which was built on land immediately to the north of the original St Mary&#39;s Church. This land, Allotments 3-6 on Section 49, was acquired by Samuel Elphick on August 16, 1860 by Deed of Grant, and was bought by the Church by 1880. The foundation stone of the new church was laid by the Archbishop of Melbourne, Daniel Mannix assisted by Archbishop of Brisbane James Duhig on 29 February 1920.</p><br>
<p>The original plans for this church conformed to the traditional cruciform plan, with the chancel extending almost to the Acacia Street boundary of the property. Two lawsuits were held during the construction of the church, firstly over ownership of the rear section of the property and then with the contractors, Kerr and Clark who were sued for beach of contract, making work cease. This delayed the building work and meant that the construction of the church, which was eventually finished by day labour, took six years. The rear section of the church, including the transepts and the chancel was not completed, and, indeed, remains incomplete in 1995. The western wall and shallow chancel were temporarily undertaken in rendered brick.</p><br>
<p>Sandstone for the church was obtained from the nearby Yangan quarry and the granite, used in the piers both internally and externally, from Greymare. A damp proof course, of sheet lead in asphalt was inserted to all the walls.</p><br>
<p>The church was designed in a style described at the time of its construction as a revival of Gothic architecture practiced between 1274 and 1377, or Decorated or Middle Pointed Gothic. This is evident in the traceries and mouldings around the church. Major departures from this style include the internal nave piers, thought to be of earlier, Norman influence and the entrance porch of the later 15th century pointed Gothic.</p><br>
<p>Stained glass windows were the design and manufacture of Messrs RS Exton and Co of Brisbane. The supervisor of the stone work was Mr FJ Fuller of Toowoomba, and other building works were supervised by Mr FJ Corbett of Brisbane. St Mary&#39;s was constructed at a cost of £40,000.</p><br>
<p>When built, St Mary&#39;s incorporated electrical lighting, a fine set of stations of the Cross, and a pneumatically blown organ. By July 1929 a High Altar and two side altars designed by Dornbusch and Connolly and executed by Messrs F. Williams and Co of Ipswich were made for the church from white Sicilian marble with panes of Red Verona and Verde Antico. The following year a pulpit, again designed by the church architects and made by F Williams and Co. was introduced to the sanctuary.</p><br>
<p>The church was opeed on 21 March 1926 by the Archbishop of Brisbane, James Duhig. In 1929 a grotto, a small replica of that at Lourdes, was constructed to the north of the church and this was donated by Mr and Mrs Martin Crane.</p><br>
<p>The first church was then used as a school building (and later as a meeting hall).</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>St Marys Church is a substantial sandstone building prominently located on the corner of Palmerin and Wood Streets, Warwick. The church, a local landmark, is visible from most areas in Warwick. It is situated on land adjoining the local catholic primary school in which the former St Marys Church is situated.</p><br>
<p>The church, which remains incomplete, was designed with a traditional cruciform plan, with entrance from Palmerin Street and north and south transepts and a sanctuary west of this. The body and tower of the church and were the only parts completed resulting in a curiously proportioned building.</p><br>
<p>St Mary&#39;s consists of a central nave, flanked by side aisles, a shallow sanctuary and a large tower on the eastern, entrance facade. The nave and aisles are expressed on the exterior of the church with distinct purple Bangor slate gabled roofs; the height of the aisle roofs allowing the loftier nave to be naturally lit by clerestory windows.</p><br>
<p>The tower, projecting through 29 metres on the south eastern corner of the building, is surmounted by an octagonal spire protruding above a crenellated parapet through which eight spired pinnacles project. The pinnacles, which extend from the angled buttressing strengthening the tower, are surmounted by sandstone fleur-de-lis, a motif which continues throughout the building. The tower features a number of openings repeated on all sides: a cinquefoil rose at the base; above which is a pair of double lancets with fleur-de-lis opening above; two quatrefoil openings; surmounted by two comparatively small tripartite lancet openings and finally, at the top, two larger lancet openings.</p><br>
<p>The building is constructed from coursed rock faced sandstone with smooth faced arch mouldings, string courses, copings, parapet detailing, tracery and carvings. The glazing in the building consists of leadlight panels, with stained and coloured glass sections.</p><br>
<p>The eastern entrance facade consists of a large central gabled bay adjoining a smaller gabled bay to the north and the tower to the south. Access is gained to a porch up seven stairs extending the width of the central bay, and through three segmental arches which are supported on circular granite columns with foliated capitals and resting on elongated octagonal bases. The archways are under a chevroned hood moulding resting on corbels; surmounting the central chevron is a cross. Above the porch opening is a large window of geometrical tracery, with lancets under a large circular light. Large sandstone crosses surmount the gable tops of both the central and subsidiary bays, which are demarcated by angled buttressing extending to pinnacles.</p><br>
<p>The northern and southern faces of the church consist of the transverse elevation of the aisles and, set back from these, the elevation of the nave. These elements are punctured with openings of geometric tracery featuring twin lancets and quatrefoil above. Concealing the roofs are parapets; over the aisle roof the parapets are moulded with protruding miniature gabled pinnacles and to the nave the parapet is crenellated with similar protruding pinnacles. The roof is punctured with ventilation gablets. Confessional rooms project from the transverse elevations of the building.</p><br>
<p>The western elevation of the church, which was to be extended, is of rendered brickwork and consists of a central gabled extension lower than the body of the church, flanked by two skillion roofed sections.</p><br>
<p>Entrance is gained to the body of the church via three double panelled timber doorways from the porch, and by two side entrances. The ashlar faced porch has a deep coffered timber ceiling and a grey terrazzo floor with dark red border.</p><br>
<p>Internally the church has a six bay nave, defined by a pointed arched arcade supported on granite columns with polished shafts. A large pointed chancel arch demarcates the sanctuary, which features a rose window and a fine marble High Altar. Two shallow side altars in pointed arched recesses flank the sanctuary and terminate the side aisles of the church</p><br>
<p>The concrete floor of the church is rendered with red ironite with terrazzo in the aisles featuring the recurring fleur-de-lis motif. The internal walls are all rendered masonry, with mouldings around windows and at dado rail height and below the clerestory windows of plaster.</p><br>
<p>The ceiling is of panels of diagonal timber boarding, alternately arranged. The timber king post roof trusses feature caps and sunk mouldings, with elegant moulded sweeps which rest on attached piers extending to the spandrels of the nave arches, where they are terminated by a carved sandstone corbel. Between the piers are the clerestory windows, featuring leadlight panels and a stained glass quatrefoil, the image on which differs on each window.</p><br>
<p>A gallery with silky oak panelling extending for one bay of the nave, is situated at the eastern end of the church and supported on cast iron columns. Confessional rooms are accessed from half glazed timber doors under recessed pointed archways in both aisles.</p><br>
<p>Many early features of the church remain intact, including the timber pews, timber framed Stations of the Cross, and a marble memorial plaque to Rev. Jacobi Horan. The chancel features a very fine Gothic revival High Altar of white Sicilian marble with panels of red and green marble and matching side altars and pulpit.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>St Mary&#39;s Church was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The immense scale and size of the planned St Mary&#39;s Church demonstrates the importance of Warwick as a major provincial centre.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>St Mary&#39;s Church is important in demonstrating the characteristics of early twentieth century Gothic revival churches, of which it is a fine example, although incomplete.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building has many fine elements including the stonework, particularly the tracery and carvings; internal joinery; and a very fine marble High Altar, side altars and pulpit. The building is a landmark in Warwick as the highest and most prominent building in the town.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The church has special associations with the catholic church of Warwick as their parish church for over sixty years.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>It has particular associations with Rev. Father Matthew Potter, under whose guidance the church was constructed.</p><br>
<p>Buckshoal Farm is a property along with a historic home located near Omega, Halifax County, Virginia. The earliest section was built in the early-19th century, and is the two-story pitched-roof log section of the main residence. The larger two-story, pitched-roof section of the house with its ridge perpendicular to the older section was added in 1841. It features a porch that is configured to follows the shape of the ell and bay of the front of the house. The third two-story addition dates to circa 1910. Also on the property are the contributing log smoke house, well-house and a frame shed. Buckshoal Farm was the birthplace and favorite retreat of Governor William M. Tuck.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Pleasant Grove is a historic home and farm complex and national historic district located near Halifax, Halifax County, Virginia. The district includes 17 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, and 2 contributing structures on three farm complexes. They are the Main House Complex, Owen Tenant House Complex, and Ferrell Tenant House Complex. The main house was built in 1888-1890, and is a two-story Victorian style dwelling. Associated with it are the contributing smokehouse , pump house , watering trough , cow barn , granary , two corncribs , three tobacco barns , and a hog pen . The Owen Tenant House was built about 1900 and associated with it are a workshop , pumphouse , hog pen , and chicken house . The Ferrell Tenant House was built about 1940, and associated with it is a log corncrib . Also on the property are the ruins of the Blackstock Tenant House and a second tenant house ruin.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>South Boston Historic District is a national historic district located at South Boston, Halifax County, Virginia. The district includes 594 contributing buildings and 7 contributing structures in the Village of South Boston. It consists of industrial, commercial, and residential building types dating from the mid-19th century to the present. Notable buildings include the C.H. Friend School, New Brick Warehouse , Planters and Merchants Bank, Halifax Cotton Mill, R.J. Reynolds</p><br>
<p>Tobacco Company tobacco prizery, former Liggett-Meyer Tobacco Company tobacco prizery, the Parkinson Block (1899), First Presbyterian Church (1887), First Baptist Church (c. 1900), and Mt. Olive Baptist Church (c. 1900).</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986, with a boundary increase in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Town of Halifax Court House Historic District is a national historic district located at Halifax, Halifax County, Virginia. The district includes 172 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, 13 contributing structures, and 1 contributing object  in the Town of Halifax. Resources include government, commercial, residential, religious, educational and industrial buildings that date from the early-19th Century to the mid-20th century. Notable buildings include the Rice House , Edmunds/Lewis Office , People’s Bank , Beth Car Baptist Church , Christ</p><br>
<p>Episcopal Church (c. 1907), Saint Luke’s Christian Methodist Episcopal Church (c. 1907), Dr. Carter House (c. 1900), County Office Building (1915), Town of Halifax Swimming Pool (1930s), Municipal</p><br>
<p>Building/ Fire Station (1950), Halifax Roller Mills (1915), Halifax Planing Mill (c. 1920), Halifax Department Store (1949), and Randolph Theater (c. 1948). Also located in the district is the separately listed Halifax County Courthouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>The Bohai Strait Tunnel or Dalian-Yantai Tunnel project proposes the construction of an undersea tunnel to connect Dalian on the Liaodong Peninsula to Yantai on the Shandong Peninsula. Another name for the project is Cross-Bohai-Strait channel.</p><br>
<p>Crossing the Bohai Strait, the tunnel would be 123 km long, 90 km of it under water. This would exceed the combined lengths of the two longest undersea tunnels on Earth, the Seikan Tunnel and the Channel tunnel. The tunnel is planned to run more than 100 km under the Strait.</p><br>
<p>Operated by China Railway Engineering Corporation, the tunnel would be linked to the Chinese highspeed railway system. Cars would be loaded on railway carriages to make the 40-minute crossing. Currently, the Bohai Train Ferry, inaugurated in 2007, crosses the strait in eight hours.</p><br>
<p>The project is estimated to cost 200 billion yuan (US$32 billion). In August 2014, it was reported that work is likely to commence during the 13th Five-year plan and construction would take ten years to complete.</p><br>
<p>Mount Mecheva  is the broad ice-covered peak with precipitous rocky north, east and southwest slopes that peaks at 850 m in the Bigla Ridge on Foyn Coast, Antarctic Peninsula. It surmounts Beaglehole Glacier to the southwest, Sleipnir Glacier to the northwest and Cabinet Inlet to the northeast.</p><br>
<p>The feature is named after Rumyana Mecheva, biologist at St. Kliment Ohridski Base in 1999/2000 and subsequent seasons.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<h2>Maps</h2><br>
<p>British Antarctic Territory: Graham Land. Scale 1:250000 topographic map. BAS 250 Series, Sheet SQ 19-20. London, 1974.</p><br>
<p>British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 66 64. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, Tolworth, UK, 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Riverside Park Dance Pavilion is in Merrick County, Nebraska. It was built in 1940 with the aim of reviving the Riverside Park area. At its peak, dances were held twice a week drawing people from central Nebraska. Its simple design  was characteristic of dance halls of its time, but which rarely still exist today. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1900s, Central City underwent a building and business boom. In the fall of 1920, business leaders from Central City purchased over 50 acre of land, known as Parkers Island, from the estate of George Howell. They formed a non-profit corporation, the Riverside Park Association. Its purpose was to improve and operate the park for the entertainment of the general public. The Association sold shares of stock, summer cabins, and rented owners cabins during the summer, with profits reinvested in the park.</p><br>
<p>The park included an open-air dance floor consisting of a concrete slab enclosed by a fence, tennis courts, a swimming pool with water slides, playground equipment, softball and baseball diamonds, horseshoe pitching courts and a picnic area. Its first dance was held in October 1921. In the 1920s, there were few recreation areas and few cars to travel to them, so the park was very popular.</p><br>
<p>The Great Depression resulted in decreased park revenues. Records from 1934 to 1938 show uncollected debts and unpaid bills due to a large drop in park visitation and summer cabin rentals from 1930 to 1940.</p><br>
<p>In 1940, the park was close to closing and a number of meetings were held by the association to decide its fate. On February 13, a new board of directors was elected and charged with finding a way to finance the park. On February 15, the board voted to finance the park by constructing an enclosed dance pavilion.</p><br>
<p>On June 14, 1940 the pavilion opened, with 370 couples from five Nebraska counties and seven states purchasing tickets to dance to Sternie Sternberg and his Orchestra. On July 4 of that year, over 5,000 people attended the park and over 700 couples purchased dance tickets at ten cents apiece. Through the 1940s, dances were held about twice a week, with orchestras conducted by Wally Wallace, Earl Gardner, Skippy Anderson, Gene Pieper, Sammy Haven, Riley Smith, and with bands led by Tiny Little, Hutch Miller and John Holub.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The dance pavilion is located in Riverside Park in Merrick County, Nebraska, approximately 3 mi southeast of Central City. It is in a pastoral area with trees next to the Platte River. Just to its north is a smaller restroom/concession building, built at or about the same time as the pavilion. The complex is bounded on the south by the Platte River, on the east by trees and shrubbery, and on the north and west by a gravel road.</p><br>
<p>The pavilion is a one-story wood frame building with a footprint of 118 x. It has an arched roof with a 12 x bay on the north side to accommodate bands and orchestras. The interior of the pavilion is open with a 95 x maple wood dance floor. An open 18 x seating and eating area is located on the south and separated from the main pavilion by a partial wall. On the north end is a 20 x curved enclosure in which bands and orchestras perform.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance</h2><br>
<p>In 1998, the pavilion was listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Reasons given for its listing included its significance as an entertainment venue in the 1940s, and its being a well-preserved example of a dance hall of its period.</p><br>
<p>Triangle Island is a small island, approximately 119 hectare in area, located off the northwestern tip of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. It is situated approximately 45 km from Vancouver Island and 10 km from Sartine Island, Triangle Island&#39;s nearest neighbour in the Scott Islands group. The island is notable for being the location of British Columbia&#39;s largest seabird colony, hosting such species as the Cassin&#39;s auklet and the tufted puffin. The Cassin&#39;s auklet population is the world&#39;s largest.</p><br>
<p>A lighthouse existed on the island from 1909 to 1919 but was abandoned due to severe fog, regular hurricane-force winds, and conditions utterly repellent to human habitation. The island is otherwise uninhabited, aside from a small cabin for research use. In 2004, the lantern room from the lighthouse was moved to the Sooke Region Museum, though the base remains on Triangle Island.</p><br>
<p>The island was the site of ancient First Nations hunting and egg-collecting activities.</p><br>
<p>The Bishop National Bank of Hawaii was a bank in Hawaii. Its branch building on Hawaii Route 50 in Waimea, Kauai, Hawaii, was built in 1929. That branch building has also been known as First Hawaiian Bank, as Bishop National Bank, Waimea Branch, and as Bishop First National Bank, Waimea Branch. The building includes Classical Revival architecture and was a work of architect John Mason and of J.L. Young Engineering Co. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The building replaced a 1911 building that had been the second Bishop National Bank branch, after the first built in Hilo. According to its NRHP nomination, the building "is important mainly for its architectural value. Its eclectic style and solid, imposing appearance is typical of post-World War I banking architecture. It is designed to give an aura of permanence and stability--a visual assurance to Waimeas inhabitants that the bank was here to stay.&#39;"</p><br>
<p>The building is now a First Hawaiian Bank branch.</p><br>
<p>King Johns Palace is a ruined Norman merchants house in Southampton, England. Incorrectly believed for a period to have been used by King John, resulting in its modern name, the west wall of the house was converted to form part of the citys defensive walls in the early 14th century and its archways contain what may be Britains earliest surviving gunports. The structure now forms part of the Tudor House Museum in the city and is a Scheduled Ancient Monument.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original house was built either in the 1180s or around 1170 on the quayside, with direct access to the towns West Quay. In the early 14th century the house was owned by Mayor John Wytegod, who was a wealthy merchant. The street alongside the house, now named Blue Anchor Lane, was called Wytegods Lane after the mayor. In 1338 the largely defenceless town fell victim to a French raid as part of the English Channel naval campaign, 1338–1339; following this, Edward III ordered that Southamptons sea defences be strengthened. As a result, the house became part of the towns defensive wall and the door and windows which faced the quay were blocked or converted into gun slits. The building became a coach house and stables in the early 18th century and housed a coal merchants business in the early 19th. At the beginning of the 20th century the building housed a private museum belonging to a Mr Spranger. The roof was removed in the early 20th century leaving the building a shell, which is how it remains. The building is known as King Johns Palace today as historians originally believed King John resided in the building in the early 13th century; however this belief is now understood to be incorrect.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house consisted of two storeys, with the living quarters on the first floor including large windows and a fireplace. Casks of wine imported from France were stored on the ground floor level; the windows here were deliberately small to prevent thieves from accessing the store rooms. It is constructed of stone.</p><br>
<p>The original 12th-century windows can be seen on the north and west faces of the building; they are round-headed and sit in round-arched frames, with two windows on each side. The three archways which led to the quays – one original round-headed arch and two segmental-headed arches from the early 14th century – are visible in the houses west wall, but they are blocked. These arches contain two vertical defensive slits from the 14th-century defences, which may be Britains earliest surviving gunports.</p><br>
<p>The first floor fireplace was located on the north side of the house. Surviving remains of the fireplace include both jambs with their scalloped capitals and inset shafts. A chimney constructed around 1200 was removed from another property in the city, 79A High Street, and is now located against the east wall of King John&#39;s Palace. The chimney has a square base but a long round shaft.</p><br>
<p>Bay View Hospital was a hospital located on 23200 Lake Rd in Bay Village, Ohio. The site was originally home to the Washington Lawrence mansion in the late 1800s until 1948 when it was sold to Dr. Richard Sheppard. It served as an osteopathic medical center from 1948 under it closed its doors on March 1, 1981. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 27, 1974.</p><br>
<p>The former Washington Lawrence mansion (Bay View Hospital) is now part of Cashelmara Luxury Condos. Beginning in the early 1980s, construction began on condos as well as remodeling of the mansion to use as condos.</p><br>
<p>The Osteopathic Hospital was opened in 1948 by the Sheppard family; the hospital made headlines in 1954 when Dr. Sam Sheppard was accused of killing his pregnant wife.</p><br>
<p>The Brumback Library is a historic public library in the city of Van Wert, Ohio, United States. Opened at the beginning of the twentieth century in order to serve all residents of Van Wert County, it occupies an architecturally prominent building by David L. Stine, which was constructed with funds donated by a local businessman. The building has been named a historic site, partly because of its place as the first public library in the United States to serve an entire county.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Having decided that a public library would greatly benefit their community, a group of Van Wert ladies incorporated the Van Wert Library Association in 1890. In order to finance their project, the ladies sought subscriptions at $3 per person throughout the city and sponsored public entertainment events to raise additional money. By the end of 1890, the ladies had purchased 600 books, chosen a librarian, and rented a room in which to keep the library; its use was originally limited to the subscribers. Their efforts became recognized throughout the community, and in 1896 the city council enacted a 0.03% property tax for the library, raising approximately $575 per annum. Although the funds were sufficient to maintain the collection, the amount of work necessary to expand the library was prohibitive, the library experienced very little growth, and the founders soon realized that the library might not long survive once they were unable to continue supporting it. At this point came deliverance from an unexpected quarter.</p><br>
<p>Born in Licking County in 1829, John Sanford Brumback settled in Van Wert in 1862 and eventually became one of the citys leading businessmen. As his health was failing in the late nineteenth century, Brumback decided to engage in philanthropy, and following his death in December 1897, his bequest of a large sum to the library was announced. Furthermore, his other heirs agreed to spend additional money on the construction of a building for the library, even though such an action was not required by the will. The most curious provision in the will was the concept of establishing a county library — no one had previously entertained such an idea, which was generally believed impossible when it was first announced, but discussion in the countys Granges produced virtually unanimous support among the countys farmers, and the mass desire for such a library prompted the state legislature to pass the necessary enabling legislation in the following April. Ownership of the library collection was transferred by a contract among the county commissioners, the Van Wert Library Association, and Brumbacks heirs: the library ladies were to give their books, the heirs were to arrange for the construction of a library building in a Van Wert city park, and the county was to enact a permanent property tax for the library&#39;s continued support. The cornerstone was laid on July 18, 1899; construction occupied the entirety of 1900. Financial support from the Brumback estate surpassed $50,000.</p><br>
<p>The Brumback library dedication ceremony was celebrated on January 1, 1901, at the First Methodist Episcopal Church; it marked an epoch in the history of Van Wert County. The ceremony included a musical solo rendered by the baritone Charles W. Clark (who few years later would be known as one of the greatest baritone singers of all time). The library was officially opened to the public twenty-eight days later.</p><br>
<p>The first librarian engaged in extensive collection development, as the first six years saw the collection expanded from approximately 5,000 titles to 10,698. In order to further the goal of making Brumback a county library system, branches were placed in sixteen different locations throughout Van Wert County, and annual circulation reached fifty thousand volumes by the system&#39;s sixth year.</p><br>
<p>As the years passed, branches were closed; by 1968, locations outside of Van Wert had been restricted to nine pickup stations, although bookmobile service had been created to assist county schools. Seven years earlier, the original buildings capacity had become strained as the collection reached sixty-two thousand books. In response, the library purchased the original Brumback family home; eighteen thousand titles were moved there, as well as facilities for serving parts of the county outside Van Wert. Further expansion was needed by the 1990s, so an addition was constructed and the original interior renovated in 1991; this is the only substantial renovation in the librarys history, aside from a 1917 project to place a children&#39;s section in the basement. Additional branches have been reopened in the villages of Convoy, Middle Point, Ohio City, Willshire, and Wren.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The original Brumback Library building is constructed largely of sandstone, with a sandstone foundation, bluestone walls, and a multicolored tile roof. Among its most prominent components are a round corbeled tower with battlements, a smaller square tower, and a prominent main entryway; when one views the library from the street, the round tower is to the right, the square tower to the left, and the entrance in the middle. A small flight of steps leads to the entrance, which is placed in a dominating central gable wider than either tower. Small second-story arched windows pierce the gable and the towers, while larger rectangular windows are located on the first floor. Together, these components present a somewhat eclectic appearance: architect David L. Stine employed both the Gothic Revival and Romanesque Revival styles, although the components combine to project somewhat of a Richardsonian Romanesque appearance.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In early 1979, the Brumback Library was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its architecture and because of its place in the area&#39;s history. Critical to its importance was its place as the core of the county library system: the Brumback was the first county library to be established anywhere in the United States. It was the second Van Wert County location to be added to the Register; only the county courthouse preceded it.</p><br>
<p>Fork Church is a historic Episcopal church located near Ashland, Hanover County, Virginia. It was built in 1736, and is a one-story, gable roofed brick building. It measures approximately 34 feet by 74 feet and has walls 22 inches thick. The front facade features a small</p><br>
<p>pedimented porch supported on square brick columns, both probably added in the early-19th century. Also on the property is a contributing church cemetery. Among the more-notable persons who often attended services at Fork Church were Patrick Henry, Dolly Madison, and the novelist Thomas Nelson Page. From 1893 to 1903, Fork Church&#39;s rector was the Reverend S. S. Hepburn, grandfather of actress Katharine Hepburn.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<p>Slash Church, also known as the Upper Church-St. Paul&#39;s Parish, built of Southern yellow pine cut from the property in 1729-1730, is a historic former Anglican Episcopal church located at 11353 Mt. Hermon Road, Ashland, Hanover County, Virginia. It is the oldest frame colonial church still in use in Virginia.</p><br>
<p>It was built under the direction of Edward Chambers and Thomas Pinchbeck in 1729, five years after the absentee minister (who remained in England but hired a curate to serve Hanover County, Virginia boundaries declared 1720), informed the bishop of London that the parish was 60 miles long and twelve wide and served 1200 families by means of four churches (the priest alternating between them on the various Sundays of the month). St. Martins Parish was also set off from St. Pauls parish in 1727. The predecessor building (sometimes known as the "Mechumps Creek Chapel"), built circa 1702, was about a mile and a half north of this structure. Current research indicates it was located behind the current Hanover Tavern across the tracks and up a hill where there is a good source of water (pond). No structure currently exists of this chapel. The Slash name derives from the "slashes" - ravines that formed in the sandy clay soil after rainstorms plus the Pine Slash trees. This terrain has a high ground water level so it was important to place this structure on a hill.</p><br>
<p>Rev. George Whitfield, founding Methodist Francis Asbury, Virginia Baptist Reuben Ford and Disciples of Christ founder Alexander Campbell are believed to have preached at the church during their various missionary tours.</p><br>
<p>Rev. Henry&#39;s successor, Rev. Talley, became a Universalist and after the American Revolutionary War, the Anglican church was disestablished (i.e. no longer supported by taxes) and the building variously abandoned or used by various denominations, including Methodists and Disciples of Christ, and as a school. The latter denomination purchased the property in 1842, two years after the Episcopal congregation built a brick church about four miles away which burned on a December evening and then constructed another church of wood in the 1850s revival style which continues in their use for weekly services to the present day.</p><br>
<p>During the American Civil War, in May 26 - 27,1862, Confederate Brigadier General</p><br>
<p>Lawrence O&#39;Bryan Branch (a former USA Representative from North Carolina who would die six months later at the Battle of Antietam) used it as his headquarters with 4500 soldiers (and later as a hospital, together with three local homes). Two battles sometimes collectively called the "Battle of Slash Church" were Union victories, although the Peninsular Campaign failed. When old trees were cut down in the 1950s, bullets were found, believed to be from those battles.</p><br>
<p>The one-story, steep gable roofed, white clapboarded frame building measures approximately 60 feet, 6 inches, by 26 feet, 6 inches. It was built from timber felled on the property - Southern Yellow pine usually 120 feet tall - and fastened mostly with wooden pegs. The exterior pine clapboards on three sides are original. Some of the original wood clapboards on the north side were replaced in a Jan. 1970 exterior boiler fire and the wainscoting (interior) on that same side was partly replaced, leaving the wainscoting on the other side intact. This is a special feature of this building since it runs horizontal in wide boards instead of vertical. Original wavy glass remains in several original wood framed windows which have exterior storm (1950s) windows. The gallery at the back of the sanctuary is original as are the pillars holding it in place and the railings plus the stairs. Construction of this feature can be viewed under the stairs by a door on the first floor. Plus are two original slat constructed benches. Other old furniture dates to the 1850s: a heavy solid dark stained pulpit, an oval table used for communion, two tall backed padded seat chairs, and various styles of wooden bench seats. The 1970s fire produced so much smoke in the floor area the fire crew cut away the floor only to discover an additional floor (the 2nd floor was added by the builders because the 1st floor was too low.) The fire crew also removed the 1st floor and as it was bitterly cold (water froze from the fire hoses) this wood was used as a bonfire until members rescued it to help defray restoration costs by making furniture and small items for sale. Some of these items are available to see in the history room at the church. When the fire crew took away both floors, they discovered four graves of unknown people (still unknown today). The 2nd floor had blood on it from the 1862 occupation of Gen. Branch as bleeding men lay while being treated for the civil war battle. Additional structures: a Sunday School building with a bathroom was built to resemble the church and connected by a passageway from an exterior door already in place. This was important because it did not affect the historic designation as it did not alter the church building. In the 1970s, a fellowship hall and more Sunday school space was erected across the parking lot of brick to serve the congregations needs. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>In 1998, a historical highway marker - E105 - was located at the corner of and intersection that has 4 names: Peakes, Ashcake, Sliding Hill and Mt. Hermon Rd., the latter being the address of the church (11353 Mt. Hermon Rd.).</p><br>
<p>Slash celebrates its history with an event on the grounds every five years (recently 285th Sept. 14th 2014). We invite the public to attend our services and events and schedule a historic tour (small or large groups) by calling the church: 804-798-4520 or by email: admin@slashcc.org. Thank you for your interest. A copy of our history may be downloaded or read on our church website: http://www.slashcc.org</p><br>
<p>The Col de Macuègne  is a mountain pass located in the Dauphiné Prealps, on the northern slopes of Mont Ventoux between Montbrun-les-Bains and Séderon in the Drôme department of France. The road over the col is used occasionally by the Tour de France cycle race with the tour crossing the pass on Stage 16 of the 2013 Tour.</p><br>
<h2>Details of the climb</h2><br>
<p>The climb commences at Montbrun-les-Bains (west) from where it is 9.2 km long, climbing 470 m at an average gradient of 5.1%. From the east, the climb starts at Séderon, from where there are 5.5 km to the summit of no great difficulty.</p><br>
<p>From the pass, a minor road crosses the Col de l&#39;Homme Mort (1,212 m) en route to Sault.</p><br>
<h2>Tour de France</h2><br>
<p>The tour has crossed the pass twice before 2013, on Stage 16 of the 1956 Tour and on Stage 14 of the 1970 Tour; on both occasions, it was not classified for the King of the Mountains competition.</p><br>
<p>On 16 July 2013, the pass was crossed on Stage 16 between Vaison-la-Romaine and Gap. It was ranked as a Second Category climb. The leader over the summit was Johnny Hoogerland.</p><br>
<p>Beaverdam Depot is a historic railway depot located at Beaverdam, Hanover County, Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac railroad built a station at Beaverdam on its Louisa line at some time between 1836 and 1840. The railroads president, Edward Fontaine, lived nearby. The 36 mile Louisa branch connected Louisa with Hanover Junction. Louisa County farmers could thus ship their produce to the port at Aquia on the Potomac River as well as to Richmond, Virginia. During the 1840s, the Commonwealth of Virginia helped finance extension of this branch westward over the Blue Ridge Mountains to Covington in Allegheny County. In 1850 the railroad lines name was changed the Virginia Central Railroad.</p><br>
<p>The station and railroad proved strategic during the American Civil War, both for troop movement and for transport and storage of military supplies. The wood frame depot changed hands and was destroyed at least three times. On July 20, 1862, John Mosby was captured by Union cavalry under Brigadier General Rufus King while waiting for a train. Later versions of the incident disagree as to whether Mosby was trying to convey information to his commander, General Stonewall Jackson in Richmond, or taking brief leave toward his parents home in Lynchburg, Virginia, but all agree that Mosby was soon released as part of the wars first prisoner exchange, as well as that the Union raiders burnt the depot to destroy supplies, as well as cut the strategic telegraph line.</p><br>
<p>By the wars end only 5 miles of Virginia Central tracks remained usable. The Beaverdam station and associated warehouse were among the railroads first five rebuilt structures; the current station was completed in 1866. The Virginia Central Railroad continued expanding and by the 1880s became part of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad system. The segregated waiting room was constructed around 1910, after the USA Supreme Courts decision in Chiles v. Chesapeake & Ohio Railway, since Virginias legislature required segregation of white and "colored" passengers after the Plessy v. Ferguson decision in 1896 allowed "separate but equal" facilities.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The single-story, rectangular, gable roofed brick building features decorative brickwork, including corbelling and pilasters. The front facade includes a small pedimented porch supported by turned wood columns. The interior is divided into two waiting rooms (one for whites and one for blacks), an office, a baggage room and a freight room—all remarkably intact.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Tybo Charcoal Kilns are a pair of charcoal kilns located 4 mi north of Tybo, Nevada. Both kilns are 30 ft tall and 25 ft in diameter and were built from rocks and mud. The kilns each have three openings: a top opening, a door at ground level, and a rear window with a ramp for wood wagons. The kilns were among 15 built in 1874 for the Tybo Consolidated Company. The company, which mined the region&#39;s silver, used charcoal to fuel its smelting furnace. To acquire its fuel, it imported wood from nearby hills, which it then converted to charcoal in the kilns.</p><br>
<p>The kilns were built during a mining boom in the area around Tybo. Though the community had only been settled in 1870, by the end of the decade it had a post office, school, newspaper, and almost 1000 residents.</p><br>
<p>The kilns were added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 19, 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Heber Hord House is a two-story frame house in Central City, Nebraska. It was designed by Omaha architects Fisher and Lawrie, and built in 1906 by Heber Hord, the only son of Thomas Benton  Hord, a prominent business man and cattle rancher in Nebraska during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Hord family</h2><br>
<p>T. B. Hord moved with his family from Cheyenne, Wyoming to Central City in the late 1880s. There, he established the Hord Land and Cattle Company, the Hord and Shonsey Cattle Company, the T. B. Hord Alfalfa Meal Company, the 70,000 acre Lakeside Ranch, a number of lumber yards and feed and farm supply businesses in central Nebraska, and fifty grain elevators. At the height of his business career, his Central City livestock-feeding operations and grain company were judged by many to be the largest such operations in Nebraska. For example, in 1908, his livestock feeding company could feed 16,000 cattle and 12,000 hogs, making it possibly the largest such operation in the world at that time.</p><br>
<p>Heber Hord, the only son of T. B. Hord, was born in 1877. He lived on his father&#39;s ranches until 1906, when he and his family built and moved into this house in Central City.</p><br>
<p>In 1910, T. B. Hord died and Heber Hord took over the family businesses. He expanded the operations established by his father, at one point feeding up to 97,000 sheep; in 1917, he established a short-lived potash operation, the Hord Alkali Products Company, near Lakeside, Nebraska, after the outbreak of World War I made German potash unavailable. During the Great Depression, several of the familys businesses failed; but Hord was able to save three of its major operations: the Lakeside Ranch Company, the T. B. Hord Grain Company, and the feeding operation Hord and Son, Inc. For 25 years, he also served on the board of directors for Omahas Union Stockyards.</p><br>
<p>Heber Hord lived in the Central City house until his death in 1949. The house was then occupied by his son Thomas Barge Hord, who had managed the family&#39;s Lakeside Ranch since 1931, and who took over the management of the family businesses. The T. B. Hord Grain company showed steadily declining profits from 1950 to 1957, and was liquidated, ending in 1963. Earnings for the Lakeside Ranch and for Hord and Son also declined significantly in the 1960s, and were liquidated in the early 1970s. The sale of the ranch in 1972 marked the end of Hord business operations.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house is a two-story classic box house designed by Omaha architects Fisher and Lawrie. It underwent a remodelling in 1923, directed by Omaha architect F. A. Henninger.</p><br>
<p>The frame building faces south. It has a footprint of 56 xx. It has a raised concrete block basement, a hip roof with four hipped dormers, and brick chimneys on the north and east sides. Originally, a porch ran across the entire width of the south side on the first floor, continuing as a carriage portico at the southwest corner; in the 1923 remodelling, the east end of the porch was enclosed to create a sun room.</p><br>
<p>The interior features a central hall with an open stairway to the second floor. On the first floor, a reception room and sitting room are in the front of the house; to the rear are a den and a formal dining room, which leads to a china pantry and the kitchen. Also on the first floor are a kitchen pantry, a refrigeration area, and the servants dining room. A bathroom was added below the central stair in the course of the 1923 remodelling. The second floor is taken up with four bedrooms, a sleeping porch, and two bathrooms. Servants quarters, consisting of a single large room with several closets, occupied the whole of the attic. There are eight basement rooms, including a coal room, laundry room, vegetable cellar, and bathroom.</p><br>
<p>A frame carriage house at the rear of the property has been converted to a five-stall garage with a one-bedroom apartment above it.</p><br>
<p>As of 1987, the house and carriage house were assessed as having retained their historic integrity. It was decided that the 1923 remodelling had not significantly changed the character of the 1923 house; many of the original interior furnishing were still present, including hardwood floors, fireplaces, woodwork, and lighting fixtures. Because of this and because of the property&#39;s connection to the Hord family, it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Manhattan School is a historic schoolhouse located on Gold Street in Manhattan, Nevada. Built in 1913, the school was the third in Manhattan. The first school had opened in 1906, shortly after a gold rush in the community, and the second opened in 1908; however, by 1911 the local school district had 65 students and had outgrown its original buildings. Manhattan&#39;s voters unanimously passed a bond proposal for the new school the following year. Area contractor Angus McDonald built the school the year after. Upon its completion, a benefit party was held at the school to provide money for its furniture and a piano.</p><br>
<p>The single-story building has a vernacular design with a central entrance foyer, a hipped roof, a bell tower atop the foyer, and a flagstaff on the site of the roof. When the building was constructed, both the interior and exterior were covered by patterned metal plates. The plates were decorated based on their location; for instance, the plates on the outer walls were designed to resemble ashlar stone, and the plates on the roof resembled shingles. While most of the exterior plates have since been covered, the interior plates and the plates on the foyer&#39;s gable are still in place.</p><br>
<p>The Works Progress Administration added an outhouse added outside of the school in the 1930s. While the WPA built 1,100 outhouses in Nevada, the outhouse is one of only three they built in southern Nevada. The outhouse is considered a contributing feature to the school&#39;s historic nature.</p><br>
<p>Manhattan&#39;s population dropped as its gold industry faded in the 1940s, and by 1955 the school closed, as it only had three students. Due to an increase in gold prices in the 1970s, though, Manhattan began to grow again. The school reopened as a library in the following decade. The Smoky Valley Library District acquired the library from the county in 2002 and subsequently renovated it to include a school and community center.</p><br>
<p>The school was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 30, 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Yell County Courthouse is a courthouse in Dardanelle, Arkansas, United States, one of two county seats of Yell County, built in 1914. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. The courthouse is the second building to serve the Dardanelle district of Yell County.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Yell County was founded from portions of Scott and Pope counties in 1840. A courthouse was established at Monrovia, but was soon relocated to Danville to be more centrally located. Following the Civil War in 1875, Dardanelle was made a second county seat. Arkansas has ten counties with dual county seats. A commercial building on Front Street between Green and Oak Streets in Dardanelle was made into the districts first courthouse in 1875, and a jail was built close by. The courthouse burned on April 12, 1912, leading the county to buy a new plot of land on Union Street. Yell County contracted architect Frank W. Gibb, who in his lifetime designed 60 courthouses in Arkansas as well as the Arkansas Building at the St. Louis Worlds Fair and the Buckstaff Bathhouse in Hot Springs, Arkansas. Contractor L.R. Wight and Company of Dallas, Texas built the structure for under $25,000 (equivalent to $ today).</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Similar to the Dallas County Courthouse in Fordyce built by Gibb in 1911, the building features typical details of the neoclassical style. The symmetric facade with doric columns and white trim all fit with the style. An octagonal roof ornament tops the T-shaped building.</p><br>
<h2>Confederate monument</h2><br>
<p>The Dardanelle Confederate Monument is located near the Yell County Courthouse on Union Street in Dardanelle. Erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) in 1921, the monument was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 as part of the Civil War Commemorative Sculpture Multiple Property Submission.</p><br>
<p>The UDC raised $1,760 ($ today) to construct the monument between two banks in downtown Dardanelle. Following the completion of a new bridge over the Arkansas River in 1930, the UDC suggested it be moved so that "all who</p><br>
<p>crossed the bridge would find themselves face to face with the image in marble of the greatest soldier in the world - the Confederate soldier." The monument was moved to the southeast corner of the courthouse grounds, where it has remained ever since. The monument formerly contained plumbing allowing it to operate as a fountain which has since been removed.</p><br>
<p>An inscription reads: "To the Confederate soldiers of Yell County, in appreciation of their splendid valor and loyalty, this monument is erected".</p><br>
<p>The Col de la Croix Fry  is a mountain pass located in the Chaîne des Aravis, between Manigod and La Clusaz in the Haute-Savoie department of France. The road over the col is used occasionally by the Tour de France cycle race with the tour crossing the pass on Stage 19 of the 2013 Tour. At the summit is the village of La Croix Fry.</p><br>
<h2>Details of the climb</h2><br>
<p>From the west, the climb starts at Thônes, from where the summit is 12.8 km. Over this distance, the road climbs 842 m at an average gradient of 6.6%. En route, the climb passes through the village of Manigod. This is the climb used on the 2013 Tour de France, although the race turns onto the climb shortly before reaching Thônes, thus shortening the climb to 11.3 km at 7%; the climb is ranked category 1.</p><br>
<p>The climb from the east starts at Saint-Jean-de-Sixt, passing through La Clusaz. The total distance is 10.3 km, with a climb of 507 m at an average of 4.9%.</p><br>
<h2>Tour de France</h2><br>
<p>The Col de la Croix Fry was first used in the Tour de France cycle race in 1994 when the leader over the summit was Piotr Ugrumov. Since then, the pass has been crossed three more times, including on Stage 19 of the 2013 Tour.</p><br>
<h3>Appearances in Tour de France</h3><br>
<p>Lake Maude is an oval-shaped lake on the north side of Winter Haven, Florida. It has a surface area of 54.83 acre. On its north and west sides, Lake Maude is bordered by residential areas. On its entire east side is Lake Maude Nature Park and on the south Lake Maude is bordered by Avenue O Northeast.</p><br>
<p>Lake Maude allows for much public access. A public boat ramp is on the south shore, just off Avenue O Northeast. The Lake Maude Nature Park is located along the entire east shore of the lake. The nature park has a paved walking trail, 0.9 mi long, picnic facilities, a playground, two public fishing piers and a nature observation deck. This lake does not have a public swimming area, however. The Hook and Bullet website says Lake Maude contains largemouth bass, bluegill and crappie.</p><br>
<p>The Wreckage is a log house in Ocean Park, Washington, constructed of unhewn logs in 1912. The house was built by author Guy S. Allison on the Long Beach Peninsula as a beach house, using salvaged materials. Recovering driftwood from the Pacific Ocean, Allison also made what he called a "zoo" of driftwood animal shapes surrounding the house that appear on USA Geological Survey maps as "Wreckage Park Zoo." The collection was featured in Ripley&#39;s Believe It or Not! and Strange as it Seems.</p><br>
<h2>Guy S. Allison</h2><br>
<p>Guy Selwin Allison was born near Hannibal, Missouri, on December 24, 1883. He arrived in Washington in 1906, attended the Washington State Normal School in Bellingham, and became a teacher and principal in Tacoma in 1907-1909. In 1911, he married his wife, Virginia, honeymooning on property in Ocean Park that he had purchased the same year. He left teaching, for health reasons, to work in the outdoors, and began writing his Bypaths of History syndicated column for western United States newspapers in the 1930s.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Wreckage is a log cabin, largely built of found and salvaged materials. The location on the Pacific coast near the mouth of the Columbia River provided considerable opportunity for salvage from wrecked timber-carrying ships. The primary log structure came from a large raft of logs that broke up on the Columbia River bar in the winter of 1911, with logs spreading from Tillamook Head in Oregon to Leadbetter Point in Washington. The houses tongue-and-groove lumber was thrown overboard from the steamer Washington the same winter as it narrowly avoided being wrecked inside the Columbias mouth. Cement for the foundation was obtained from the wrecked French barque Alice. Allison recovered the materials from the beach and planned a blockhouse-like cabin based on cabins he had seen in Sitka, Alaska, using simple hand tools to build the house.</p><br>
<p>The house is a 1-1/2 story structure, built in 1912, using 30 ft logs on the front and rear, and 24 ft logs on the sides. It rests on a concrete block foundation. The overhanging roof has gables at the ends and shed dormers in each of the long sides, extending out over the eaves to the edge of the roof. Window and door openings were sawn out of the solid log structure, with wood surrounds embellished with fishing net floats. A brick chimney stands at one end and another chimney is near the center of the house.</p><br>
<p>The Wreckage was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 18, 1979. The driftwood zoo gradually disappeared over the years, as did several outbuildings, including a garage that Allison called "The Wreckagette."</p><br>
<p>Author Walter A. Tompkins set his novel CQ Ghost Ship at The Wreckage.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. Hun Houses were located on Washington Avenue  on the western edge of central Albany, New York, United States. They were a pair of brick buildings constructed a century apart, the older one around 1830, in the Federal style. In 1972, three months after they were listed on the National Register of Historic Places, they were demolished and subsequently delisted.</p><br>
<p>The older house was considered one of the finest Federal homes in the city. Its architect is unknown, although it has been speculated to be Philip Hooker. It was likely built for John F. Bacon, a lawyer and clerk of the State Senate, who may only have lived there for a year and eventually sold it to another lawyer. Near the end of the 19th century it was acquired by Dr. Henry Hun, who adapted the house for his practice and built a smaller, architecturally sympathetic house toward the rear of the property as a residence.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The two houses were on the same lot on the north side of Washington between Dove and Lark (USA Route 9W) streets in a densely developed urban neighborhood two blocks west of the state capitol, a National Historic Landmark. It is at the point where the large office and state government buildings that characterize the city&#39;s central development begin to yield to smaller residential and mixed-use buildings. The terrain is level, still rising gently towards the west from the Hudson River a mile (1.6 km) to the east, but less steeply than it does downtown.</p><br>
<p>There are several other Register-listed properties in the area. The Washington Avenue Armory is to the west. On the east end is the University Club of Albany, designed by Albert Fuller. The Albany Institute of History & Art, with a Marcus T. Reynolds-designed building, is across Dove from the University Club. Across the street is the Italianate Walter Merchant House, with Fuller&#39;s Harmanus Bleecker Library on the corner with Dove. Beyond them a block to the south is the large, primarily residential Center Square/Hudson–Park Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Large buildings like those mentioned dominate the block, as they did when the houses stood. To the north, across Elk Street, is a large parking lot; beyond it is Spruce Street and the ground&#39;s drop into the Sheridan Hollow neighborhood. West of Lark the buildings similarly drop in size.</p><br>
<p>The two houses were located near the front of the lot. The larger house, 149 Washington, had the same setback as the other buildings on the street, while the smaller, 149 Washington, was a little further back. In the rear was a lawn; a flagstone-paved parking area and garage gave egress to the Elk Street side of the property.</p><br>
<p>149 Washington was two and a half stories on the south (front) elevation and three and a half in the north, with an exposed basement. On both elevations it was five bays wide. It was built of brick laid in Flemish bond with wooden trim. The roof was flat in front and sloped in the rear. Inside end chimneys rose from the east and west.</p><br>
<p>The house&#39;s centrally located main entrance was sheltered by an elaborate wooden porch. Wooden steps with a railing rose from the street to a pair of round fluted Ionic columns on pedestals. They were echoed by similarly-treated pilasters framing the doorway. Above them was a plain wooden entablature beneath a second-story balcony with balustrade.</p><br>
<p>Windows throughout the house were two-over-two double-hung sash with plain sandstone sills and lintels. The balcony window was flanked with wooden inset louvered shutters. Above the third floor windows was a decorative brick frieze and cornice, with another balustrade along the roofline. The north elevation featured a two-story porch which extended to the east side of the house. Three dormer windows pierced the south roof.</p><br>
<p>The doorway had an elliptical arch topped with a sunburst pediment. It opened into an interior with much of its original finishing remaining at the time of demolition. They included ornate woodwork, parquet floors, marble and wood mantels, and the light fixtures. Hun&#39;s office, in the southwest corner of the first floor, had a brass plaque with his name on the door. Inside were bookcases running the length of the walls, and prints of Albany street scenes set in the woodwork above the mantelpiece aside a Latin quotation.</p><br>
<p>The house at 149½ Washington is similar in overall design. It is a two-and-a-half-story building, three bays wide, of pressed brick, also in Flemish bond, with marble trim. On top is a roof similarly divided between a sloped front pierced by dormers and a flat rear. All windows were six-over-six double-hung sash with brick lintels and stone sills. Its front door also had an elliptical arch atop, but was trimmed in marble and topped with a triangular pediment. At the roofline was a dentilled stone cornice; a single chimney rose from the west profile. While it had been used as a medical office earlier in its history, at the time of demolition the Huns had subdivided it and were renting out apartments within. The interior plan reflected that conversion and use.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Two different versions have been offered of the early history of 149 Washington. The National Register nomination dates it to around 1830, identifying the owner as John F. Bacon, then a local lawyer and clerk of the state senate. Contemporary records show that he bought the property in 1828, and already owned the neighboring lot. The architect is, according to the nomination, unknown.</p><br>
<p>However, Herman Loth, who sketched and photographed the property in 1934 for the Historic American Buildings Survey, dates its construction to 1820. He identifies the first owner as a "Mr. Wood" and strongly believes the architect to have been Philip Hooker, designer of the original Albany Academy building in Academy Park, from the same era, and the First Church in Albany. "The characteristics of the interior unquestionably point to the fact that Philip Hooker was responsible for the design of the house if he was not actually the architect," he wrote in his report.</p><br>
<p>"Mr. Wood" seems to have been Bradford Wood, a younger lawyer who bought the house with his new wife, Eliza, from Bacon in late 1834. The older man had lived there for only one year, and then went to live at the boarding house where he and Wood had both previously lived. Over the 50 years that they lived in the house, the Woods gradually purchased all the land on the block between Dove, Elk, Lark and Washington, as the city slowly grew around and past it.</p><br>
<p>In 1892 another young professional, Henry Hun, bought the house with his new wife. The Huns would record an equally long tenure in the house. A physician and professor at what is today the Albany Medical College, he was from a prominent local family descended from the citys early Dutch settlers. He specialized in neurology, and after writing several early textbooks in the field chaired the American Neurological Association for two years. The houses proximity to what was then Albany Academy for Girls was also important to Hun, as he was an alumnus of the boys school and chaired the combined schools board of trustees for many years.</p><br>
<p>Shortly before his death in 1924 the second house, at 149½ Washington, was built when Huns daughter Lydia married Kenneth Reynolds. Its similarities to the original house placed it firmly within the new Colonial Revival mode. Huns new son-in-law, a second cousin to prominent Albany architect Marcus T Reynolds, was himself an architect and worked in his cousin&#39;s office at the time. He may have designed the house.</p><br>
<p>Huns own son, a physician also named Henry, moved into the main house and took over his fathers practice the next year. He continued to live and work there until his own death in 1924. At some point the large rear porch was added to 149 Washington. After his death the houses were listed on the Register and then demolished. and Service Employees International Union.</p><br>
<p>All Saints Church in Aisholt, Somerset, England is the Anglican parish church for the ancient parish of Aisholt, now part of the Quantock Villages Benefice in the Diocese of Bath and Wells, and lying in the Civil Parish of Spaxton. It is a Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The earliest part of the existing building is the irregular and asymmetrical chancel arch which dates from the 14th century. The remainder of the building appears to be 15th century with later alterations and some slight restoration in the 1890s.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The stone building has a slate roof. It consists of a nave, chancel with a vestry and a south aisle with a porch. The two-stage west tower is supported by diagonal buttresses.</p><br>
<p>Some features of the building are:</p><br>
<p>A squint or piercing in the masonry to allow the altar to be viewed from the South aisle.</p><br>
<p>A 17th century hatchment or Coat of Arms painted on the wall above the Door.</p><br>
<p>A medieval parish chest cut from a single log.</p><br>
<p>A piscina in the chancel</p><br>
<p>A 15th century octagonal font</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>Notable people who have worshipped in Aisholt church include :</p><br>
<p>The Poet Henry Newbolt who owned The Old Schoolhouse at the bottom of the valley.</p><br>
<p>A plaque in the church commemorates the educationalist Olive Willis.</p><br>
<p>Poet and librettist Anne Ridler who was a pupil of Olive Willis at Downe House.</p><br>
<p>Theologian, poet, novelist, occultist and Inkling Charles Williams.</p><br>
<h2>Trivia</h2><br>
<p>The Church appeared in a Coleridge-themed pop video for Swing out Sister.</p><br>
<p>Buckland Station, a stagecoach station and hotel near Stagecoach, Nevada, was built in c.1870 by Samuel Buckland, proprietor , replaced a previous stage station. It was built with simplified Greek Revival style. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The existing Buckland building was built mostly of salvaged lumber from dismantling Ft. Churchill. Buckland Station formerly existed as a Pony Express station and as an emigrant stop and to serve an early bridge over the Carson River.</p><br>
<p>When listed on the NRHP, the building had just been purchased by the state of Nevada, which has continuing plans for its rehabilitation. It is located two miles east of Fort Churchill State Historic Park.</p><br>
<p>Mosvatnet is a lake in the municipality of Stavanger in Rogaland county, Norway. The lake lies just west of the city centre of Stavanger in the Eiganes og Våland borough. At 0.45 km&sup2, it is the third largest lake in Stavanger after Hålandsvatnet and Store Stokkavatn. The lake reaches a maximum depth of 3.2 m and it lies at an elevation of 37 m above sea level. The lake flows out through a small stream that runs through underground culverts to the lake Breiavatnet before emptying into the nearby Byfjorden.</p><br>
<h2>Reservoir</h2><br>
<p>Mosvatnet was Stavangers water source between 1863 and 1931. The Great Fire of Holmen in Stavanger in 1860 showed that the city had a weak water supply. In 1863, the city initiated the building of a new waterworks at Mosvatnet that both would give residents proper drinking water and better access to water for fire crews. A pump house was erected and water pipes were laid along the road Madlaveien (Rv 509). The water level of the pond was increased significantly, and several small islets and rocks disappeared. The city took over several properties along the lake to prevent contamination of drinking water source and it make the surrounding areas into parkland. After a short time it was realized that Mosvatnet did not have enough capacity to supply the growing city with drinking water for the long term. In 1903, the city of Stavanger bought water rights for the lake Store Stokkavatn and in 1930 that lake became the citys new water reservoir.</p><br>
<p>Canutes Palace in Southampton, England, is the name given to the ruins of a Norman merchants house dating from the late twelfth century. Despite its name, the building has no connection with Canute the Great, nor was it a palace.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The antiquarian, Sir Henry Englefield suggested that the building had been a palace of Canute the Great, but in fact the house is unconnected with him. In April 1801, Englefield presented a very detailed paper to The Society of Antiquaries of London describing the building, in which he said: Perhaps I indulge but a fond conjecture, when I consider it possibly the hall from which Canute, surrounded by his courtiers, viewed the rising tide; and from whence he descended to the beach, according to that most interesting narrative of our old historians, to repress by a striking and impressive lesson, their impious flattery.</p><br>
<p>In 1833, the building was described in The Gentlemans Magazine in which the author, "An Architectural Antiquary", says: "The remains of a very magnificent Norman mansion, improperly called Canutes Palace at Southampton, furnishes the best examples of the elliptical arch with which I am acquainted".</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Formerly known as the Long House, the building was constructed between 1170 and 1200 with walls of uncoursed rubble, and faced the waterfront before the southern section of the town walls was built. The house had two storeys and was built in the hall house style; the room at the eastern end of the upper storey may have been the merchant&#39;s counting house. The remains include a window with two round heads which is not original but was added later in the Norman period. Although the gable at the western end is at full height, it has been mostly reconstructed. The gable has a further round-headed window.</p><br>
<p>Canute&#39;s Palace is a scheduled monument and a grade I listed building, having obtained the latter status on 14 July 1953. The building is now part of Town Quay Park, which includes the remains of many historical properties in the southern section of the city.</p><br>
<p>The Ollatrim River  rises in County Tipperary, Ireland. It joins the Nenagh River east of Nenagh town and together they flow into Lough Derg north of Dromineer. A short section of the river forms the border between County Offaly and County Tipperary. The river flows through the Townland of Ollatrim.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>The Ollatrim river, is popular for angling, it holds a stock of wild salmon and trout. The Ormonde Anglers Association were allocated funds to improve areas of both the Ollatrim and Nenagh rivers. There are 15 km of trout fishing on the Ollatrim.</p><br>
<h2>Bridges</h2><br>
<p>Rathurles Bridge, a three arched road bridge built in the 18th Century in the townland of Rathurles is listed as being of Architectural and Technical interest.</p><br>
<p>Bridge at Cloonmore is listed as being of Architectural and Technical interest</p><br>
<p>Aghnameadle Bridge, a three arched bridge built in the late 18th Century in the townland of Barngrotty in County Offaly is listed as being of Architectural and Technical interest.</p><br>
<p>Col du Corbier is a French Alpine pass located in Haute-Savoie department in the Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France between the towns of Le Biot and Bonnevaux .</p><br>
<p>Col du Corbier is also the first name of the ski resort located on this site from 1966 to 1975, before being renamed Drouzin-le-Mont.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Location</h3><br>
<p>Col du Corbier is located at 1,237m above sea level, about 26 km from Thonon-les-Bains, in the massif du Chablais, in the northwest quarter of the French Alps, France.</p><br>
<p>Col du Corbier is located between two mountains: to the North Mount Ouzon culminating at 1,880 m altitude and to the South Drouzin mountain which rises to 1,621 m.</p><br>
<h3>Climate</h3><br>
<p>The climate in the pass is of the mountainous type.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Historical Significance</h3><br>
<p>The pathway of the Corbier was once very important in connecting the two valleys of Savoy Dranse and Valaisane Dranse, by the Morgins Pass. St. Guerin, founder of the Abbey of Aulps and Bishop of Sion passed there, and it was followed by many pilgrims, hence the given name of "pathway of the monks.".</p><br>
<p>On the Bonnevaux territory, by the roadside about 5600 m below the pass, is the Chapelle Notre-Dame-des-Sept-Douleurs de Bonnevauxor Our Lady of Sorrows registered in the cultural heritage&#39;s general inventory of the Rhône-Alpes region. Erected in 1844 by Rev. Girod, pastor of Bonnevaux, it was partially restored several times and fully restored in 1982. The bell of 1910 is called "the Virgin."</p><br>
<p>The road was created in 1917 and redone in 1940; it has since been widened and tarred. Until 1964, the pass served as pasture for cows of the Abondance breed going to or returning from higher pastures. The large trough served not only for watering the cows but also for cooling the engines of cars that overheated going up the steep slopes. The road was plowed in winter on the Le Biot in 1964 and on the two sides in 1966.</p><br>
<h3>First buildings (1961)</h3><br>
<p>In April 1961, the town of Le Biot allowed Henri Teninge, restaurant owner in Morzine, originally from Bonnevaux, to build a café restaurant "Chez L&#39;Henri" on a plot of 4945 m2 belonging to the town at a place called "On the Joux." In 1967, the town sold it to him for one franc per square meter.</p><br>
<p>At the end of 1961, André Favre-Miville of Bonnevaux built a bar on his own land, "The Covagne".</p><br>
<p>Both houses were entirely of wood without electricity or telephone, the waste was buried or burned, sewage going into a septic tank. Clean water came from ground springs in the pass. Until 1964, the restaurants were closed in the Winter.</p><br>
<h3>Early Development (1966-1968)</h3><br>
<p>In 1966, Henri Teninge, assisted by Bernard Vulliez and authorized by the municipality, had the first ski tow (with generator) installed by the firm Montaz-Montino of Fontaine on the hill opposite his restaurant, under the Drouzain mountain.</p><br>
<p>The ski-lift started from the pass, was 200m long and had a capacity of 305 skiers per hour. The first ski race was organized by Henri Teninge and Georges Premat, mayor of Le Biot, with 45 competitors</p><br>
<p>In 1967, the commune considered building an urban development zone, but "the administration opposed to it in order to preserve a typical alpine site.". A ski club was created in Le Biot. In February 1968, the Olympic flame was carried through the Col du Corbier. In August 1968 a public telephone was installed "Chez L&#39;Henri."</p><br>
<h3>Birth of the ski resort "Col du Corbier" (1969-1975)</h3><br>
<p>The idea of a bigger station made its way within the Le Biot municipality and its mayor, Fernand Renevier. They launched a study and prepared a very modest project which was rejected by the tax collector who was very reserved about the financial resources of the commune and wished to "preserve a typical alpine site." The two towns of Le Biot and Bonnevaux therefore united in 1969 thanks to Messrs Cloppet and Mr.Lachenal, of the mountain commission, to create on January 23, 1970, an "inter-communal syndicate for the touristic development of the Corbier - La Joux Verte - Le Biot - Bonnevaux." The committee was composed of four directors under 40 years of age: René Ainoux (Bonnevaux), president, Georges Premat (Le Biot), vice-president, Gerard Delale (Le Biot), secretary, and Paul Favre-Miville (Bonnevaux). The latter became brother Paul, one of the seven monks murdered in Tibhirine Algeria in 1996 (a monument has been erected in Bonnevaux&#39; cemetery).</p><br>
<p>"The shares were distributed as follows: 55% in Biot, 45% Bonnevaux and the protection perimeter defined: 863 hectares for Biot, 467 hectares Bonnevaux." Each municipality provided a 68.000 francs subsidy and the syndicate borrowed 1.150.000 francs from the Credit Agricole bank.</p><br>
<p>The committee reviewed the project, 24 homeowners gave a right of way, the departmental electricity union, thanks to the action of Messrs Lavy, Germain and Vannod, agreed to the establishment of an underground line of 15.000 volts, including two transformers.</p><br>
<p>For Christmas 1970 the firm Montagner, of Allonzier-la-Caille installed four lifts adding up to three kilometers of runs: a 1.055.m long lift, to a vertical drop of 265 m and a flow rate of 600 skiers per hour, and a 300 m long lift were installed at the Muret while in the pass, two lifts of 250 m and 200m, were built near the chalet occupied by the syndicate and the ski school managed by Michel Renevier. The staff included ten locals; the day pass was 10 francs. The municipalities widened the road to 14 meters and created a parking lot of 350 cars.</p><br>
<p>A team of architects composed of Messrs Branch Bonvalet Dutruel and Marchant, an economist and Dr. Rouille were responsible for drawing up plans for a large building zone in La Reblais, not far from the pass, under the mountain of Ouzon. Two forest roads were envisaged, one to Mount Ouzon and the other to Mount Drouzin.</p><br>
<p>The Le Biot school closed in June 1971 because there were only nine children (10 were needed for a class). This led to the mayor Fernand Renevier&#39;s resignation; he was replaced by Georges Premat. The school reopened in September 1972.</p><br>
<p>Winter 1971-1972 was the first official season for the Col du Corbier. Trees were cut down, the runs were remodelled on the advice of Jean Berthet (ski champion from Abondance) with the firm Vulliez-Noir de Marin. The run the Muret was approved for competitions by the French Ski Federation. The real estate extension was envisaged: "it is not a question of doubling the big resorts nearby, but if we want, to complete them on the theme: family and social skiing ".</p><br>
<p>In 1973, water supply works amounted to 600.000 francs (150.000 francs subsidies under the rural renewal scheme) and 500.000 francs for the purification work (100.000 francs subsidies) The water supply works were ongoing between 1974 and 1975. The municipality committed 600.000 francs (150.000 francs subsidies) and 100.000 francs for rural electrification work (20.000 francs subsidies).</p><br>
<p>In early 1974, André Favre-Miville, the former owner of "The Covagne" (which was sold in 1970 to George Premat mayor of Le Biot) died. In July, Henry Teninge, owner of "Chez L&#39;Henri," died in his turn. His restaurant was sold in November 1974 to Michel Renevier and renamed "Chez Michel and Mado." It completely burned in the night of July 11, 1975 so in its place, the owner began building a large hotel restaurant.</p><br>
<h3>Ski resort "Drouzin-le-Mont" (1975)</h3><br>
<p>In 1975, the station of the "Col du Corbier" became "Drouzin-le-Mont."</p><br>
<p>The municipality obtained a 390.000 francs subsidy for the installation of the telephone and another for 350.000 francs for servicing the entire pass. A property complex of thirty cottages was built in the Grands Prés, under the pass.</p><br>
<p>An extension of the resort was planned, which became Drouzin-le-Mont. The syndicate committed five million francs to service the Urban Development Zone: "two pumping stations, a water-treatment and all the necessary networks. A big investment for two small towns! ".</p><br>
<p>Then the projects were scaled down, a ZAC (Urban Development Zone) was created in 1975 for housing 300 units or 1000 beds.</p><br>
<h3>Evolution of the ski resort (1976-2011)</h3><br>
<h4>Real estate</h4><br>
<p>Between 1976 and 1996, Michel Renevier obtained a permit to rebuild the restaurant "Chez Michel and Mado", but various administrative difficulties led to cancellations and setbacks. The crane was on site for 15 years. In 1997, "in the Col du Corbier, there has been an unfinished restaurant for a good twenty years, let alone the surroundings of the building."</p><br>
<h4>Crisis of the snow coverage</h4><br>
<p>Culminating at 1,237 m and under the moderating influence of lac Léman, the Col du Corbier knows only a modest snow coverage, which had entailed the reserves of the Mountain Commission: "O.K. to a family resort, but frankly we say no to more grandiose achievements." The syndicate considered for 1981 the creation of a chair lift to go up to 1700m on Drouzin, but the permit was refused.</p><br>
<h4>Urban Development zone</h4><br>
<p>A new project for a property complex was denied October 24, 1980 by the Commission on new tourism units (UTN) on the basis of the resort&#39;s uncertain financial future.</p><br>
<p>The change of national government in 1981 left the situation on hold. Georges Premat, mayor at that time, said: "all the constructions are and will be made under the control of the syndicate which does not intend to sacrifice a magnificent site to the appetite of one promoter."</p><br>
<p>The mayors - Georges Premat for Le Biot and Gilbert Favre-Derez for Bonnevaux - put pressure on the administration because every year the blocked projects cost 460.000 francs of annuities. Elected officials resigned en bloc. The builder Jacques Ribourel added more property.</p><br>
<h4>Crisis in the council of Le Biot (1993)</h4><br>
<p>In July, the regional audit called for a budget increase of an additional 600.000 francs (it is a quarter of the initial budget of the municipality) for works at the Col du Corbier. Mayor George Premat resigned (two councilors Prévot Annick and Jean-Michel Laurier had already resigned). Additional municipal elections were held in September.</p><br>
<h4>Financial difficulties and sale of the resort (1994-1998)</h4><br>
<p>In February, the electricity was cut off due to non-payment of a 540.000 francs bill dating back to 1986 which had grown over the years. The two communes could not pay and the General Council could not intervene because the operator was solely responsible. Deputy Pierre Mazeaud intervened and power was restored during the day.</p><br>
<p>Proceeds from the winter season were 620.000 francs in 1993. The accumulated debt in February 1994 was a billion pennies</p><br>
<p>On December 18, 1998 - so it could open the next day - the ski resort "Drouzin-le-Mont" was sold to a builder, Michel Vivien for 400.000 francs. He had to insure the functioning and the maintenance of the installations for at least 18 years as stipulated in the lease agreement of the same date. This agreement also contained a clause which allowed Mr. Vivien to close the resort in case of chronic deficit. He did not have the right to dismantle the installations and whether he intended to sell, he would be subjected to the syndicate&#39;s preemption right. The developer had already built 40 cottages, he was planning to build 32 more in 1999.</p><br>
<h4>Dissolution of the Syndicat inter-communal for the development Corbier – La Joux Verte (2004)</h4><br>
<p>On January 30, by prefect&#39;s order Nber 2004.31, the syndicate was dissolved. Assets and liabilities were divided between the municipalities of Bonnevaux and Le Biot according to contractual terms. Bonnevaux inherited the land behind the Chapel of our Lady of Sorrows.</p><br>
<h4>Development Drouzin-le-Mont SARL and PLU (2005 à 2011)</h4><br>
<p>In 2005, the town of Le Biot made some changes to the lease agreement with Mr. Vivien signed in 1998. The SARL Development Drouzin-le-Mont was responsible for the operation of ski lifts and the ski area.</p><br>
<p>On February 17, 2007 the resort Col du Corbier / Drouzin-le-Mont celebrated its fortieth anniversary (1966 - 2006).</p><br>
<p>In 2011, a simplified revision 1 of the Local urbanization planning (PLU) "Opening the urbanization of the area AU in the Col du Corbier." was opened for public observations. It planned five building sectors in the new zone created by the revision on a surface of 1.50 ha namely the area around the chapel of our Lady of Sorrows: a public square, shops and services, collective housing and several chalets. The project received a favorable opinion from Christian Gosseine, inquiry commissioner, despite opposition from various ecological groups, for example the Association Mountain Wilderness who was outraged by the project of the extension "in an area already so disfigured".</p><br>
<p>By decision dated May 20, 2011, the town of Le Biot approved the project. However, the request for a building permit was not made on time, and in the meantime the Schéma de cohérence territorialeSCOT Chablais became official and overruled the PLU, which became invalid.</p><br>
<p>In 2011, there were 562 secondary residences for 179 main residences. 85% of secondary residencies in the town of Le Biot were in the col du Corbier.</p><br>
<h3>Closure of the ski resort "Drouzin-le-Mont" (2012)</h3><br>
<p>On April 3, 2012, the Development Drouzin-le-Mont SARL informed the municipality about its wish to stop its activity arguing a structural deficit financial situation.</p><br>
<p>The information was relayed to the national and international levels because it raises the global warming issue with regards to moderate altitude ski resorts in the Alps.</p><br>
<p>A study highlighted that the exploitation deficit could amount to €450.000 plus annual investments from €100.000 to €150.000 as opposed to an income estimated between €150.000 and €170.000 per season. The village of Le Biot could not afford such an expense, so the municipality decided against buying the resort from Mr Vivien, but the tension caused the resignation of seven town councilors.</p><br>
<h3>Tourist reconversion</h3><br>
<p>In March 2013, the new council chose to convert the resort to a so-called "environmental friendly mountain". With the support of the Haute-Savoie General Council. It acquired the reception center and adjacent grounds, two lifts, the rope tow and maintenance equipment in order to set up several Summer and Winter activities such as skiing, dog sledding, snowshoeing, hiking...SIVU Roc D&#39;Enfer redeemed SARL both chairlifts and received on 7 October 2013 a subsidy for 80% of the cost of their dismantling and reassembling i.e€.193.000.</p><br>
<p>The council proposed to Michel Renevier to purchase his restaurant. Following his refusal, the council decided to turn the reception center into a café-restaurant, grocer&#39;s shop, pic-nic area. The application for a building permit was filed in July 2013.</p><br>
<p>For the entire conversion project, in the amount of 2.117.550 €, the General Council granted on 18 November 2013 a subsidy for 40% of this total, i.e.847.020 €. But the two lifts will not open for the 2013-2014 season.</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<h3>Sports</h3><br>
<h4>Cycling</h4><br>
<p>The pass is popular with cyclists and mountain bikers. Between the Solitude in the Abondance valley and the pass, there are 5.7 km of ascent in 7.1%(difference in altitude: 407 m). Between Seytroux in Morzine valley and the pass Col du Corbier there are 6.0 km of ascent in 8.6% (difference in altitude: 517 m).</p><br>
<p>The Tour de France passed seven times between 1947 and 1978.</p><br>
<p>On June 10, 2012, the stage Morzine - Chatel of the cycling race the Critérium du Dauphiné passed through the col du Corbier.</p><br>
<h4>Hiking</h4><br>
<p>From the pass, there are many opportunities for hiking in summer and winter on Mount Ouzon, Mount Écuelle or Mount Drouzin</p><br>
<h4>Climbing</h4><br>
<p>Several cliffs offer the practice of climbing, from the hamlet of Le Corbier: cliff de l&#39;ours, cliff Touvière, or from the pass: the cliff Arblay</p><br>
<h3>Environmental protection</h3><br>
<p>In 2007, the Inventaire national du patrimoine naturel created a Zone naturelle d&#39;intérêt écologique, faunistique et floristique (ZNIEFF) type II Mount Ouzon of an area of 1552.ha, including a portion of the road on each side of the pass and the entire North side, and 22 critical species</p><br>
<p>The Clevelin Hills are a range of hills in the Peninsular Ranges System, within the Temescal Mountains in western Riverside County, in southern California.</p><br>
<p>The hills range from an elevation of over 1,400 ft in the southeastern section, to the range&#39;s high point of 1,835 ft in elevation, in the northwestern section.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Clevelin Hills are the horst, on the edge of the Perris Block, thrown up on the northeast side of the graben of the Elsinore Valley, close to the shore of Lake Elsinore, along the Glen Ivy Fault.</p><br>
<p>The Clevelin Hills are composed of a number of different rock formations. In the southeast along the Lake Elsinore shore they are composed of Triassic Santa Ana Formation and Jurassic dacite and gabbro. To the northeast they are composed mostly of Lower Pleistocene or older fanglomerate underlain by Cretaceous grandiorite. There are exposures of Eocene Martinez Formation on its southwest slopes and northeast slopes. Some Santa Ana Formation rocks are found on the northwest end of the range, and at Canyon Lake.</p><br>
<p>John D. Bassett High School, also known as Bassett Middle School, is a historic school building located at Bassett, Henry County, Virginia. It was built in 1947–1948, and is a two-story Georgian Revival style brick school building. A rear addition was built in 1961. It has three bay portico entrances at each end with cupolas above. They provide public access to the two community spaces on the interior – the auditorium at one end and the gymnasium at the other. The building features a hip roof with slate shingles, gabled dormers and octagonal cupolas; and Flemish-bond variant brickwork with corner quoins and a water table. It was replaced by the Bassett High School, and continued to operate as a middle school. The school closed in 2004.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Indian Stream Schoolhouse is a historic school building on Tabor Road in Pittsburg, New Hampshire. Built in 1897, it is one of the town&#39;s few surviving 19th-century district schoolhouses. It was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 2011. It presently serves as a local history museum, open for tours by appointment.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Indian Stream Schoolhouse stands in southern Pittsburg, on the west side of Tabor Road, just west of its junction with United States Route 3, amid a small cluster of houses. The eponymous Indian Stream flows south toward the Connecticut River a short way to the east. The school is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. Its roof is topped by a small square open belfry. The main facade is symmetrical, with a center entrance flanked by sash windows with shallow corniced lintels. A pair of similar windows appear in the attic level. The building corners have pilaster-like raised corner boards, and there are decorative jigsawn brackets at the corners of the eaves.</p><br>
<p>The schoolhouse was built in 1897 and operated as a school until 1939. It was originally built and furnished for just a few hundred dollars, and was one of nine district schools in the town in 1900. After it closed, it stood vacant and fell into disrepair until the early 21st century. The schoolhouse was restored by a group of former students and other community members, and still includes many of the original furnishings. Financial records from its early years still exist, such as documentation for $12 paid on June 30, 1908 for painting the schoolhouse.</p><br>
<p>The Bridge near Stratton, Nebraska is a historic bridge that is listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It is a 20 ft reinforced concrete slab bridge that was built in 1908 by the Ideal Cement Company. It is also denoted NEHBS No. HK00-78. It was listed on the National Register in 1992.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant, despite its small size and simple appearance, for once having carried interstate traffic on USA Highway 34, and for representing an early highway bridge in Nebraska. According to its NRHP nomination, "Its 1908 construction date distinguishes it as the earliest documented example of concrete bridge construction in the state. Despite its diminutive size and simple detailing, the bridge is a technologically significant early remnant of Nebraska transportation."</p><br>
<p>Church Of St Peter And St Paul in Over Stowey, Somerset, England is the Anglican parish church for the ancient parish of Over Stowey, now part of the Quantock Villages Benefice in the Diocese of Bath and Wells.</p><br>
<p>The tower and part of the nave date from the 14th century. There is also 15th century work but the building was heavily restored and enlarged by Richard Carver (architect) in the 19th century. There are some fine carved oak bench ends typical of the area and an unusual monument to the brothers Rich (died 1813 and 1815) depicting agricultural implements and a beehive. Several windows are by Morris & Co including two which are designed by Edward Burne-Jones. One depicts the Angel of the Resurrection and the other a band of angelic musicians. Two of the six bells in the tower are medieval, from Exeter and one dated 1714.</p><br>
<p>Many of the monuments inside and outside the church are to members of the Labouchere and later Stanley family who built and occupied Quantock Lodge, owned much of the parish and funded the church restoration.</p><br>
<p>The diarist William Holland was the vicar of Over Stowey from 1779 until his death in 1819.</p><br>
<p>In 2000 the church was featured on the Royal Mail&#39;s First Class Christmas Stamp</p><br>
<p>The Black Hawk County Soldiers Memorial Hall, also known as Veterans Memorial Hall, is a Classical Revival veterans hall located at 194 West Fifth Street in downtown Waterloo, Black Hawk County, Iowa. It was built from 1915 to 1916 by the Grand Army of the Republic as a memorial to soldiers who died in the American Civil War.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Black Hawk County Soldiers Memorial Hall was built by the Grand Army of the Republic (G.A.R.) from 1915 to 1916. When ground was broken for construction, current newspapers and membership lists of local patriotic organizations and G.A.R. posts were placed inside the cornerstone. A Waterloo local, H. R. Griffith, was originally supposed to speak at the 1916 dedication ceremony, but could not due to being ill. She was the Department Secretary of the Woman&#39;s Relief Corps, which is part of the Grand Army of the Republic. The role was then taken by a resident of Iowa Falls, who was previously the Department President.</p><br>
<h2>Design and features</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed in the Classical Revival style by John G. Ralston,</p><br>
<p>The building has two stories and includes a kitchen, a dining room, and meeting rooms. The second floor houses a library that now includes a display of Civil War uniforms, artifacts, medals and weapons.</p><br>
<p>The building is located adjacent to Cedar River and the Waterloo&#39;s Soldiers and Sailors Park. The park includes a fountain, a pool, and a miniature Statue of Liberty.</p><br>
<h2>Historic designation and recent history</h2><br>
<p>The Black Hawk County Soldiers Memorial Hall was nominated to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1987. The nomination was based on the fact that other local veterans halls from the area had been significantly altered in various respects, whereas the Waterloo facility had substantially maintained its original appearance and integrity. The nomination was accepted, and the building was listed on the NRHP in 1988.</p><br>
<p>When John Kerry ran for President of the United States in 2004, he visited the building to hold a meeting, in which he stated that he wanted veterans to be "a driving force leading up to Iowa&#39;s caucuses".</p><br>
<p>In May 2011, a POW-MIA monument was unveiled in the park near the hall. The hall is also the site of local Memorial Day commemorations.</p><br>
<p>Grassdale Farm is a historic home located at Spencer, Henry County, Virginia. It was built about 1860, and is a two-story, center-passage-plan frame dwelling with Greek Revival and Greek Revival style influences. Two-story ells have been added to the rear of the main section, creating an overall "U" form. Also on the property are a variety of contributing buildings and outbuildings including a kitchen, smokehouse, cooks house, log dwelling, and office / caretakers house dated to the 19th century; and a garage, playhouse, poultry house, two barns, greenhouse, Mack Watkin&#39;s House, granary and corn crib, and Spencer Store and Post Office dated to the 1940s-1950s. Grassdale Farm was once owned by Thomas Jefferson Penn, who built Chinqua-Penn Plantation outside Reidsville, North Carolina, where the Penn tobacco-manufacturing interests were located.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Fieldale Historic District is a national historic district located at Fieldale, Henry County, Virginia. The district encompasses 329 contributing buildings and 2 contributing structures in the town of Fieldale. The majority of the buildings were built after 1916-1917 by the Marshall Field and Company as workers housing for the Fieldcrest Mills. Other notable buildings and structures include the Fieldcrest Mills Complex with the upper mill, lower mill, gatehouse, warehouse, water infiltration plant, and welder&#39;s shop; Danville & Western Station; Route 701 Bridge; Bank of Fieldale/Post Office; Fieldale Café (Fieldale Grocery; former Theater/Drug Store; Ramona’s Dress Shop/Wilson’s Grocery</p><br>
<p>Store; Fieldale Elementary School (1924); Fieldale High School (1941); Fieldale Community Center (1937); Fieldale Hotel, and Fieldale Baptist Church. The former gas station building that houses Peggy’s Antiques (044-5173-0186) was built by the Lustron Manufacturing Company. Also located in the district and separately listed are the Marshall Field and Company Clubhouse and Virginia Home.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Nynehead Court is a Grade II* listed building at Nynehead in Somerset, England.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building dates back to the late 14th century with major additions in 1675 and the 18th century.</p><br>
<p>It was occupied by the Fluri family (1068 - 1318), the de Wyke family (1318-1599) and the Sanford family (1599 - ca. 1902). and it is now a care home.</p><br>
<p>The building has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building. The gardens are listed, Grade II*, on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England.</p><br>
<p>The 13 acre landscape park was laid out in the 18th century, although major landscaping works were carried out in the early 19th century. The icehouse within the grounds dates from 1803 and has been restored with support from Taunton Deane Council.</p><br>
